Thursday, December 26, 2019

The Experimental Method And Experimental Research

One thing I have learned about psychology is that research and experimental studies are what make up what we know today within this field. Through the experimental method we take steps to get knowledge about a chosen subject, in doing so, we are able to predict phenomenon, analyze cause, and effect and relationships between variables. We make observations, form hypothesis, make predictions, and do experiments, analyze the results of an experiment, draw a conclusion and finally we report findings and results of the experiment. The experimental method and experimental research is important to society because it helps us to learn about the world that surrounds us and helps to improve our everyday lives. If any of the steps in the experimental method were to be skipped or done in a different order information and data could be misinterpreted, in result, the experiment, its participants and its purpose would unreliable (Passer, 2014). To explain how to conduct each step of the experimental study I want to discuss an experimental study which uses a single-factor design of my own, this experiment would be done to look at the relationship between stress and smoking. My research question would be; does smoking really reduce stress? I want to study this question using a between subject’s design, I would use this design to statistical analyze and compare the means of the different stress levels of the between-subjects factor. I would use random assignment for this studyShow MoreRelatedExperimental Research And Experimental Methods1445 Words   |  6 PagesExperimental To be competitive as renewable energy recourse turbines in wave energy generation must be robust and economical for a number of years. Approaches utilize experiments to characterize and predict the effect of parameters involved. One of which is advancements to turbine blades due to unsteady hydrodynamic loads. Characterizing these loads can determine their fatigue life and determine a more reliable material to be used for manufacturing the blades avoiding premature failure. ReliabilityRead MoreEssay on Experimental Methods Used in Applied Research1702 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis the methods developed within the experimental analysis of behavior are applied to socially relevant problems (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister Zechmeister, 2009, p. 317).† In this paper I will discuss some of these experimental methods used in applied research. First, I will discuss the similarities and differences between descriptive and inferential statistics, and when they should be used. In addition, I will explain the similarities and differences between single-case and small N-research designsRead MoreMethods of Personality Research Ââ€" Clinical vs. Experimental1412 Words   |  6 Pagestest their theories, it was necessary to formulate methods of research that were effective, ethical and would provide a solid foundation for future personality research.brbrAlthough both the clinical and experimental methods of personality research have lent themselves to our present day understanding of the human psyche and personality, each has done so in vastly different ways. Freud and his colleagues, who pioneered the clinical research method, chose to observe their clients in an up close andRead MoreQuantitative Research Design Is The Standard Experimental Method Of Most Scientific Disciplines1104 Words   |  5 PagesQuantitative research design is the standard experimental method of most scientific disciplines. These experiments are sometimes referred to as true science, and use tra ditional mathematical and statistical means to measure results conclusively. They are most commonly used by physical scientists, although social sciences, education and economics have been known to use this type of research. It is the opposite of qualitative research. Quantitative experiments all use a standard format, with a fewRead MoreProspective Non Experimental Study More Specially A Longitudinal Research Method1453 Words   |  6 PagesA. My research study will be a prospective non-experimental study more specially a longitudinal research method. The reasoning for this is when the treatments are over I want to see if patients are experiencing any long term adverse side effects and if so for how long after the treatment are the side effects persisting. So this will be a long term study that will see the effects of the treatments over a 10 year period of time. B. The subjects I would use for my research proposal wouldRead MoreQualitative And Quantitative Research Methods936 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative and quantitative research methods are two alternative applications for research methods. Both are very different in how data is collected, what data is collected, and how data is measured. Both of these research methods are utilized amongst the major areas of psychology and the social sciences. This paper will provide a brief description of qualitative and quantitative methods, provide the differences between the two approaches along with the terminology used for both; I will alsoRead MoreExperimental and Non experimental Research Designs1049 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Experimental and Non-Experimental Research Designs. Evaluating a Survey Student’s Name Institution Research can either be experimental or no-experimental. Between the two research methods, experimental research is the most scientifically and also the most sophisticated research method. This makes the experimental be defined as observation that is under controlled conditions. Experimental research design method is concerned with examination of the effect of independent variableRead MoreApplied Research Essay example1494 Words   |  6 PagesApplied Research Experimental and descriptive research designs, statistics, and inferences in psychological settings and methods differ in many ways yet have similar qualities. All psychological research follows ethical codes and regulations. Each type of experiment discussed contains similarities and differences. The importance of each research method for individuals and societies varies according to the need addressed in creating the project. Beneficial interventions and treatments are developedRead MoreExperimental Research1191 Words   |  5 PagesExperimental Research and The Key Components of A Successful Experiment Ehsan Jamil Seneca College Laura Cavanagh February 4, 2013 Abstract This paper explores the experimental research method and specifically the experiment conducted by Professor Smith, a Psychology professor who has a hypothesis that Vitamin E improves memory, to determine the flaws in her experiment. In the process, the paper also clearly explains the various key factors which determine the outcome and accuracyRead MoreUsing The Experimental Or Quasi Experimental Method With Variables As Well As The Correlational Method1148 Words   |  5 Pageswho have research and statistics backgrounds. From all the topics and concepts of research and evaluating reports they were beneficial, straightforward, and thought-provoking. There are numerous topics from research problem, quantitative, qualitative, statistics, and sampling methods that will useful to health professionals now and in the future. The next section of this paper will mention of a possible research topic that will be a stepping-stone and guide for the comprehensive research project.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Capital Punishment Essay - 611 Words

Susan Smith purposely drove her car off into a lake with her 2 children strapped to the back seats. Think of how they must have felt as the cold water started to fill the car, and then ultimately drowned them. Barbaric is the word I would use to describe her actions. But yet, the jury rejected the death penalty and chose a 30-year sentence instead because capital punishment was not enforced in the state. Broken up from the death of his 2 children, Mr. Smith said, â€Å"Me and my family are disappointed that the death penalty was not the verdict.† I am going to convince you that capital punishment has to be enforced in all states. I will tell you about the problem, the solution to the problem, and what it would be like if my solution is†¦show more content†¦According to a study composed by Isaac Ehrlich in 1976, 8 murders are deterred for each execution carried out in the United States. He goes on to say, â€Å"If one execution of a guilty capital murderer deters the murder of one innocent life, the execution is justified.† To most supporters of the death penalty, like Ehrlich, if even one life is saved, for countless executions of the guilty, it is a good reason for the death penalty. The theory that society engages in murder when executing the guilty is considered to be invalid. Supporters feel that execution of convicted offenders expresses the great value that society places on innocent life. There are 5 ways to actually perform the executions: lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad. Lethal injection is by far the most painless and is the most widely used. It only takes about 15 seconds for the criminal to loose consciousness. If capital punishment is not implemented by all of the states, criminals will not receive the punishment that they deserve. Criminals are not afraid enough of just going to jail so they do not care if they get in trouble for their crimes. There are many additional murders and brutal crimes without capital punishment. It is proven in statistics that capital punishment does work to deter potential criminals. Also with capital punishment, there would be less murderers taking up jail space so there would be more space for theShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassionRead MoreCapital Punishment2506 Words   |  11 PagesCapital Punishment and the Death Penalty Capital punishment exist in today’s society as citizens of the United States should we have the right to take an individual life. As illustrated throughout numerous of studies the death penalty is an unfair process seven out of ten deaths handed down by the state courts from 1973 to 1995 were overturned when appeal and the seven percent were later found to be innocent. Such as the Dobie Williams case which took place July 8, 1984. DobieRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Legal Punishment1116 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the big deal about Capital Punishment is? According to free dictionary, Capital Punishment is to put to death as a legal punishment (Farlax). Capital Punishment is used worldwide, and is guaranteed to prevent future crime. Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Informal Incidental Learning In Workplace -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Informal Incidental Learning In Workplace? Answer: Introducation Managing in a global environment require special skills and talents from the managers. This is mainly because, analysis of the global environment is necessary to make strategic decisions that can have a positive impact on the organisation (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). Hence, to do so effectively, it is important that managers possess certain skills that can help an organisation after its expansion. Some of the skills that are required for managers include: Listening Most managers lack the ability to be imaginative for the betterment of the organisation. Listening to the customers, clients and employees are the main factors that drive an organisation to the path of innovation. Listening to the thoughts and complaints of the customers is the main catalyst for success in global business. The thoughts of the customers help in the applying the innovative methods that ultimately lead to the success of an organisation Sensing Managers need to develop this skill while conducting business on a global level. Often it is seen that upon expansion into an international market, managers tend to think in an innovative manner. However, a proper sense of the marketing trends that exist in the market needs to be developed to understand the preferences of the customers. Companies require a detecting culture that helps in the identification of problems that may exist in an organisation. Hence, developing a sense of both the external and internal surroundings is required for managing at a global level (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2018). Observing Another skill that needs to be developed is the observational skills. Managers need to be prepared to ask the appropriate question at the appropriate time. To do so they need to observe the business environment. A deep observational skill can help managers to approach the suitable people for work and promote the appropriate behaviour required for gaining success in the workplace. One of the most important roles for leaders is to look at the future. Hence, it is necessary to be observant and seek every opportunity to ensure the success of the organisation. Table: Skills required for global management (Source: Created by author) Reasons for not having these skills According to Small (2017), managers need to develop these skills after years of experience in a practical level. These skills cannot be developed over time and it is required that individuals get proper training regarding the development and execution of the skills. However, Kerzner Kerzner (2017) countered this by stating that these skills are required for individuals to succeed in life. Skills such as listening, sensing and observing exist among an individual from birth or are inherited from the interaction with the society. Hence, based on the analysis of the scholars and my ability, I can say that I lack the skill of observing and listening. This is mainly because of my impatience and the fact that I do not socialise too much with people. These are the main reasons for the underdevelopment of my skills. In a professional context, I do not have enough experience in the field of management. In this regard, I believe that due to lack of proper training I have failed to develop thes e skills for making me a successful manager. Viewpoint of co-workers on the identified skill shortage As stated by Marsick Watkins (2015) support of the co-workers is necessary for a better organisational environment. This is mainly because of the fact that employees need to feel comfortable in the workplace, as collaboration with one another is important for the success of an organisation. Hence, it is equally important to acknowledge the thoughts of the co-workers. In the case of managers as well, this is important, as the managers need to encourage the employees into taking up challenging tasks. In my case, as well, the thought of the co-workers about my lack of skills is important for my progress in the organisation. It is seen that most of the co-workers have a dissatisfied view about my lack of listening skill and observing skill. My impatience and the fact that I do not listen to the co-workers patiently have caused doubts in their mind about my position in the organisation. At the same time, some co-workers believe that after proper training I can use my potential to lead th e organisation to success. References Hbr.org. (2018).Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://hbr.org/2005/01/managing-oneself Hbr.org. (2018).Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://hbr.org/2009/05/what-only-the-ceo-can-do Iveybusinessjournal.com. (2018).Ivey Business Journal. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://iveybusinessjournal.com/three-skills-ceos-need-most/ Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Marsick, V. J., Watkins, K. (2015).Informal and Incidental Learning in the Workplace (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Small, A. (2017). Attennn-tion! Steps and skills to ensure discipline in the workplace: management.Red Meat/Rooivleis,8(1), 44-46.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Bus 630 Week 1 Discussion Essay Example

Bus 630 Week 1 Discussion Essay BUS630 WEEK 1 Ashford University MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING: This week students will: 1. Explain the primary ethical responsibilities of the management accountant. 2. Illustrate the key principles of managerial accounting including cost concepts. 3. Distinguish between the behavior of variable and fixed cost. 4. Explain the significance of cost behavior to decision making and control. 5. Determine the necessary sales in unit and dollars to break-even or attain desired profit using the break-even formula. FINANCIAL VS MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING- Financial accounting is the branch of accounting that organizes accounting information for presentation to interested parties outside of the organization. The primary financial accounting reports are the balance sheet (often called a statement of financial position), the income statement, and the statement of cash flows. The balance sheet is a summary of assets, liabilities, and shareholders’ equity at a specified point in time. The income statement reports revenues and expenses resulting from the company’s operations for a particular time period. The statement of cash flows shows the sources and uses of cash over a time period for operating, investing, and financing activities. Managerial accounting is the branch of accounting that meets managers’ information needs. Because managerial accounting is designed to assist the firm’s managers in making business decisions, relatively few restrictions are imposed by regulatory bodies and generally accepted accounting principles. Therefore, a manager must define which data are relevant for a particular purpose and which are not. In managerial accounting, however, the segment is of major importance. We will write a custom essay sample on Bus 630 Week 1 Discussion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bus 630 Week 1 Discussion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bus 630 Week 1 Discussion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Segments may be products, projects, divisions, plants, branches, regions, or any other subset of the business. Tracing or allocating costs, revenues, and assets to segments creates difficult issues for managerial accountants. Two important similarities do exist. The transaction and accounting information systems discussed earlier are used to generate the data inputs for both financial statements and management reports. Therefore, when the system accumulates and classifies information, it should do so in formats that accommodate both types of accounting. Discuss a possible negative managerial scenario that the regional manager may be sensing. The Regional Manager is piecing together trends and abnormalities in order to predict the near future of store #9. At a glance, we determine that store 9 run by an effective manager with a successful track record. However, the lack of investment in training signals an attempt to cut overhead cost in order to show a larger store profit. Cutting employee training may be an effective tool for the short term but may create issues in the future. Additionally, we see that the Store has decided to withdraw from several costly, but high visibility events. Again, this may be a reduction in variable cost in order to reduce store overhead in the short term and increase profitability. The Regional Manager’s concern is that the entire company profits from these community events, not just the single store, and therefore, the impact may be detrimental to sales in multiple areas. Lastly, we see that store #6 has increased its operating costs since the store manager in question departed. This signals an issue consistent with the concerns above that this manager simply aims to reduce overhead as low as possible in order to increase the overall store profit. Might the manager of Store 9 be an exceptional manager? Although on the surface, the three trends above may appear to be negative; this store manager may in fact be a very effective manager. For example: Perhaps instead of accounting for the trainee’s hours as overhead in training costs, he has put that individual in a position to learn-on-the-job, therefore, making the employee’s working hours into a direct labor cost and minimizing overhead. When it comes to advertising, we saw the manager spent most of his advertising dollars early in the year. It may be possible that the manager elected to spend his variable expense advertising dollars during a time period where they would produce the most sales, and then tapered off his advertising dollars during a time period of steady business flow. Lastly, the cancellation of high visibility events may have been due to the determination that cost was not yielding substantial sales or visibility. Despite this fact, it stands to reason that a store manager would inform a regional manager of any choices having a broader impact to the overall company. If there was a lack of communication here, I believe it is to the detriment of the store manager’s credibility. What are the ethical implications of the scenario? Variable Cost defines the cost of a single assembled product based on the materials consumed and labor invested directly in unit production. To illustrate our point, we can say that making a single baked potato with all of the fixings will cost $3. 00 to produce (potato, sour cream, chives, plate, fork, napkin and labor). If we decide to go into the baked potato business, we must then sell these potatoes for at least $3. 00 per unit. Any less would cause us to lose money on the endeavor. This cost cannot be made up by increasing volume of sales. Judy Koch discussed the fact that bulk purchases can benefit you reduce these variable costs. If we decided to purchase potato-making materials in larger quantities and hired more workers to produce these products, we could then possibly produce our product for a lower Variable Cost based on the new price. Fixed cost will remain the same no matter how our potato shop does. As an example, our potato restaurant rental costs will be the same whether we sell one hundred potatoes or zero potatoes per month. The electricity, the heating costs, the manager’s salary. All of these factors will stay consistent no matter how many units we sell. Judy Koch’s statement is in reference to the fact that these costs are indeed changeable, however, they do not vary per unit sold. We can decide to upgrade our successful restaurant and pay higher rental fees, the government can increase our tax liability and we can hire more management. None of these costs will increase if we sell more potatoes. They are independent of unit sales.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Australias distribution repor essays

Australia's distribution repor essays Factors affecting Australias distribution of income and wealth There are many factors affecting the distribution of income (Y) and wealth which can be grouped into either variations in socioeconomic characteristics, the developments in the economy and changes in the labour market. 1. Gender (Despite Equal Pay for Equal Work 1969, inequality still exists) - The average Y for females is considerably lower than males in major areas of occupation, and even in the same occupation category - Females receive less % of their Y from earned sources (wages, business, trade etc) and receive more government benefits e.g. single parent assistance - Y tends to be highest between 25- 54 years (45-54 the highest) - Males and females 15- 24 less as they have less education and training, and experience - Different occupations require different levels of educational skills/qualifications - There is unequal Y distribution across 8 major occupational groups e.g. the highest paid group are the managers and administrators (involve high risk decision making etc) and the lowest are labourers and semi-skilled workers - Working conditions are important e.g. dangerous, dirty and irregular hours pay higher wages - Wage differences can occur within same occupational groups, in terms of experience, distant locations or more profitable firms - Statistics show that migrants from non-English speaking backgrounds have the lowest overall Y, while migrants from English-speaking have the highest - The point of residence for migrants also has impacts e.g. those from the US, Britain and South Africa (more developed countries...) - The longer the length of residence in Australia results in a higher average Y - Aboriginal Australians have the lowest average Y per annum - Y units range from young single people just out of school, to couples with dependent children, through to the elderly retired single or couples - According to quintile gro...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Why did revolutions break out so widely across Europe in 1848 and why did they fail Essays

Why did revolutions break out so widely across Europe in 1848 and why did they fail Essays Why did revolutions break out so widely across Europe in 1848 and why did they fail Paper Why did revolutions break out so widely across Europe in 1848 and why did they fail Paper Essay Topic: History In 1848, through a combination of long and short term causes, revolutions broke out across Europe, namely in France, Italy and Germany. The failure of the revolutions in Italy and Germany can be contrasted against the success of the revolution in France, where the existing Orleanist monarchys reluctance to assert its dominance against insurgents led to its downfall and republican success. In both Italy and Germany it can be argued that the respective leaders ability to affirm supremacy was never undermined and therefore the attempted revolutions were easily quashed and, for the most part, the old system of government reinstated. The revolutions in Germany, Italy and France were not directly linked as far as short-term causes are concerned. However, there are, to a certain extent, links in their long term causes. Europe endured hard times during much of the 1840s. A series of bad harvests culminating in the potato blight of 1845-46 brought widespread misery and some starvation. An economic depression added to the hardship, spreading discontent among the poor and the middle class alike. The view that the 1848 revolts were the result of not just one crisis but a combination of several is particularly supported by the French historian Ernest Labrousse1. These disasters brought about the need for constitutional change in line with the evolving social transformations of the time. The British had recognised and responded to this need for change much earlier because the industrial revolution was occurring much quicker in Britain than on the European mainland, save Belgium. The economic and social changes namely the rise in the educated middle classes necessitated some sort of amendment in legislation. This problem was never addressed in France and led to the rise in proposed alternative systems of government. In both Italy and Germany, uprisings were brought about by liberals demanding more freedom. In Germany, nationalists were inspired by the success of republicans in France. In Italy, liberals were stirred by the liberal concessions of the new pope, Pius IX and nationalists were roused by his seemingly sympathetic views to the anti-Austrian views in northern Italy. In order for a revolution to be successful, existing regimes need to be delegitimised, the existing regimes ability to use force needs to be subverted, a legitimacy for the new regime needs to be generated and a way of protecting this new legitimacy needs to be established. Existing regimes were successfully delegitimised in Germany (where it was argued that the existing order was not national or representative enough), Italy (where the common desire was to get rid of repressive Bourbon and foreign rule) and France (where republicans, legitimists and Bonapartists campaigned against Louis Philippes government). However, in both Italy and Germany, the existing administrations ability to use force was never undermined and this meant that the insurrections were able to be crushed. This can be contrasted with France where Louis Philippe suffered from lack of support from his national guard in critical moments. When it came to generating legitimacy for the new regime, the Italians and Germans were at a loss. Conflicting ideas and the fact that Piedmont was too weak to lead Italy in 1848 undermined Italian insurgents ability to create a legitimacy. In Germany, revolutionaries were unable to construct any accepted government or physical authority. Louis Philippe though faced problems in France since the Orleanist monarchy, in itself, was not a legitimate one2. In both Germany and Italy, revolutionaries were unable to defend themselves against the existing establishments and so were easily crushed. In France, revolutionaries were lucky that Louis Philippe decided to resign he could have, if he had truly desired, crushed the insurrections with force. It remains a mystery why he didnt. It is clear that the fact that Italian and German revolutionaries were too divided and disorganised, and that rulers in Italy and Germany too powerful to be overthrown ultimately led to the failure of both revolutions. In France, though, the existing regime was easily delegitimised and the lack of determination of the Orleanist monarchy to stay in power led to the success of the French revolution. The reasons why Revolution broke out in Italy are threefold and go back as far as 1846 with the election of the new pope, Pius IX. Within a month of being elected, Pius began to introduce reforms. He allowed political prisoners to return from exile, taxes were reduced and press censorship relaxed. These reforms made Pius seem, as Metternich put it, to be a liberal pope3 and sympathetic to the anti-Austrian cause in northern Italy. He became a national hero and was urged by Mazzini to lead the campaign for Italian rights. He then subtly attacked Austria by proposing a customs league modelled on the Prussian Zollverein, which would exclude Austrian held states, threatening an end to Austrian dominance of the Italian economy. These reforms prompted the leaders of Tuscany and Piedmont to follow suite. Charles Albert introduced a host of liberal ideas which prompted Sardinia to want to join Piedmont. This was a move to Italian unity which roused the hopes of nationalists, who now looked to completely eradicate Austrian rule. The second reason for revolution breaking out encouraged these nationalists even further. Civil war had broken it in Switzerland in 1847. By 1848, Switzerland had a new liberal constitution with guaranteed civil rights, popular democracy, and a say in economic, foreign and military affairs. The Italian nationalists looked on this as a lesson, since the Swiss had managed to throw off Austrian control and were now enjoying the fruits of their freedom. Thirdly, it was clear by 1848 that Austria was weak. Her ruler, Ferdinand I was partially insane and his government was becoming increasingly effective. Austrias concerns were focused on central and Eastern Europe and she looked on her two pieces of territory in Italy, Lombardy and Venetia, for taxes alone and therefore wasnt terribly keen on going out of her way to defend them4. These three factors encouraged nationalists that they could throw out Austrian rule and the tobacco boycott in Milan began, rather craftily, the revolutions. However, these revolutions were a failure for a number of inter-related reasons. Firstly, the opportunity presented by Austrian weakness which the nationalists pounced upon was only temporary and misleading. The resignation of Metternich left the Austrians only temporarily immobilised, and the restoration of royal power in Naples by Ferdinand II began on 17 May. Secondly the revolutionaries were hopelessly divided amongst themselves and failed to act together in order to protect the advances they had made. All had different ideas as to the future of Italy and their divisions made it easy for power to be reasserted. Thirdly, the Italians received no help, but active opposition from key European powers, namely France, who were itching to get a foothold in Italy and capitalised on the popes weakness and inability to control revolutionaries in the Papal States. The 1848 Italian revolution failed because there was never a coherent alternative legitimacy once the existing regimes had been delegitimised and the revolutionaries never had the capacity to protect their advances, as shown by the defeat of Charles Albert at Custoza. Though Germany was by no means a coherent nation in 1848 and events carried on independently in separate states, there was a common theme as to the reason why revolution broke out in 1848, and this was the upsurge of liberalism and the necessity for legislation change to accommodate liberal ideas. These liberal ideas were predominantly led by the expansion of educated middle classes, ambitious in their demands for freedom of action, political participation and a stronger national identity. The long term issues of agricultural and economic slumps were more of an issue in Germany than in Italy and were more applicable to the social unrest which brought about the revolutions. The economic pressures of the nineteenth centur y were particularly severe between 1845 and 1847. The acute agricultural crisis coincided with an industrial slump and Europes young industrial economies were unable to cope with the pressures of modernisation. There were three main factors which combined to cause the social movement against conservative governments. Firstly, social and economic hardships such as harvest failures had resulted in sudden, steep price rises. Wheat prices rose 51. 8% in Hamburg between 1841 and 1847, 70%of that rise coming after 1845. Secondly, the middle class exclusion from politics and power led to calls for liberal reforms. Those in the financial sector sought greater freedom to invest and expand; others sought a better society with more political participation. Thirdly, there was a growth in nationalist feelings, fed by issues like the Schleswig-Holstein question. In the short term, republican success on French soil encouraged rural violence and urban barricades, panicking governments into liberal concessions, which further encouraged revolutionaries to cause insurrection since they felt that they had governments on the defensive. Despite initial successes, the 1848 German revolution was ultimately a failure. The existing political order had been successfully de-legitimised as shown by the fall of Metternich and the granting of constitutions all over Germany, and the existing orders ability to enforce its will was successfully undermined by both the scale, and the speed at which protest happened, surprising leaders and preventing military response. However, the revolutionaries failed to establish a plausible, stable alternative legitimacy. The proposed alternative, the Frankfurt assembly never had broad and sufficient support6. The revolutionaries also failed to establish control over any means of enforcement. They were ultimately dependant on the armies of Prussia, Austria and other German states, which never accepted their authority. The 1848 German revolution failed because it effectively began to lose support by 1849, after initial success. The failure of the Frankfurt parliament to command any sort of respect invalidated the national cause and harkened the failure of the German revolution as a whole. The French revolution was different from the other two in that it was the only one that was successful. It was brought about more through combination of long term factors with a spark to set the actual revolution in motion, than with the amassment of short term factors. By 1848, when Louis Philippe had been forced to abdicate, his monarchy was well established. However, one might argue that its fall was inevitable he was not a legitimate king. He had not inherited the throne, and therefore could never say that he was king by divine right, the people had never been asked to express an opinion about his accession to power and he was not a military leader or the figurehead of a strong military group. The Orleanist monarchy was merely a useful compromise seized at by desperate property owners when they had feared for their future. 7 Thus Louis Philippes government was one that relied upon leadership that continued to inspire confidence in its supporters. However, it is here that Louis Philippes character came into play in undermining his own regime. By 1840 he had become increasingly reclusive and even stopped reviewing units of the National Guard. His public appearances became increasingly rare and became less effective in maintaining personal loyalties. This meant that by 1848, there were a number of organised groups in France constantly questioning the legitimacy and any scandal involving the Orleanist monarchy. These groups included the republicans, legitimists and Bonapartists. The republicans were the most widely supported and consisted of the low order republicans who believed it would lead to the rectification of the ills of poverty, and the high order republicans who were involved with a romanticised view of the republic set up by revolution. The legitimists consisted of those supporters of Charles X who had not rallied to Louis Philippe. They were not significant in terms of numbers, but rather in terms of how much damage they could cause by questioning every scandal. The Bonapartists supported the reinstatement of a Napoleonic empire and supported Louis Napoleon. Louis Philippe, therefore, was unfortunate in that there were a number of ready made alternative systems of government available. His unsuccessful foreign policy also lost the Orleanist monarchy support and many of his supporters began to look for alternatives that might do better. The governments reaction to the social changes going in France made unrest inevitable. Paris was growing rapidly and creating huge problems of poverty. Louis Philippes reaction was to claim that there was nothing he could do about it. 8 The incident which sparked off revolution was when troops fired on a fairly good-natured crowd, leaving eighty dead and wounded. This was exactly what republican leaders needed to anger and mobilise a majority in Paris. Lack of support from the National Guard rendered the king useless and on the 24th of February, he abdicated. Louis Philippe did not need to abdicate. He could have called in the army to quash rebellion had he wanted to. As Keith Randell puts it, the government was not overthrown, it was allowed to fall. The fact that revolutions were so widespread in Europe has led historians to look for common themes between the revolutions. The only common theme as to why revolution broke out in 1848 in Italy, Germany and France is the economic hardship of the 1840s. This economic hardship brought about problems which the existing regimes had to deal with. In France, the problems were simply ignored. In Germany and Italy, liberal concessions were made which only fuelled the desire for change in the hearts of revolutionaries. However, the lack of a common goal rendered the Italian revolution a failure, the lack of a respected alternative government rendered the German revolution a failure and the early resignation of Louis Philippe rendered the French revolution a success.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Article Critique - Essay Example While the article is helpful as a general information piece, it lacks any substantive depth, and does not draw any conclusions. The author writes of "millions of new jobs" and "a demand for green jobs, which could provide meaningful work", but offers no specifics or details. The author was further challenged by the topic as he could not even offer a definition for the term green job. Due to the immense scope of the topic, and the relative of the issue in the national spotlight, it would be impractical to devise any research based on empirical data or a quantitative study. Research could best be accomplished by a review of the existing literature on the topic and consulting the writings of industry experts. I would examine the experiences that other countries have had with green technology and how it has impacted their employment and economic outlook. In addition, I would make some conjectures and predictions on the impact of energy on the economy if we do nothing. Solar panel technology for residential housing is an area of green technology that has vast potential. At the current cost of solar cells, they are economically impractical without a government subsidy. Currently the federal subsidy is 30 percent, with some states adding an additional amount ("Northern Arizona Wind & Sun"). If the subsidy were 70 percent, it would take the homeowner just 6 years to recover the cost of a system that has a life span of 20 years ("Northern Arizona Wind & Sun"). As the technology gets more developed and manufacturing reaches scale, the price will drop dramatically and the subsidies could be cut back. The long term effect would be to significantly lower the cost of utilities in America and there would be more money in the economy to spend on cars and houses. Closing the coal fired electric plants and replacing them with nuclear facilities would greatly reduce green house gas emissions and create a

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Topic on the assignment sheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topic on the assignment sheet - Essay Example Climate change is here, with us to stay due to the reality that, even if corrective measures to reduce the rate of emissions, climate change will still exist (Gov. UK, par 7). Climate poses a lot of risks to the environment, with a potential of totally changing the climatic conditions of the areas affected. Climate change increases the vulnerability of the regions adversely affected to risks, dangers or disasters. This influences the processes of decision making in that, the risks vulnerable regions are more likely to be protected from further degradation as they may cause loss of lives and the destruction of properties. The aspect of protection of the environment is highly considered in addressing the possible outcomes of climate change in the regions of the world (Duncan, par 3). The protection of the people from the adversity of the impacts of climate change will imply the changes in the ways to handle the future probable (Duncan, par 4). The inculcation of the future in the plans is in line with the trends of climate change in the world and specifically in the effect of the future. Methods must be put underway to address the issues that causes climate within the societies. The government and the NGOs together with some stakeholders can be involved in the decision making on what amounts of wastes should be generated while per households. if the possibility of climate change posing future impacts to the people and environment, the decision making process should not be flawed. Climate change presents problems that are exhibited in the current ecosystems and the problems they o posses. Through the impact is hard to determined and approximate in the near future the problems, the trends can be realized and therefore the spread can be gauged to be very detrimental to the people. The policy makers therefore will have to incorporate the well need to plant tree planting as a means to

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Cases of Greece and Sweden Working Conditions Essay Example for Free

Cases of Greece and Sweden Working Conditions Essay Cases of Greece and Sweden Working Conditions Introduction            The essay has three major parts. The first part analyses Greece working conditions and how government officials respond to the issue. This is accompanied by a moral assessment of the issue presented in this section. The second part discusses Sweden working conditions, a country which is said to have one of the best working conditions around the world. This part analyses the policies passed by the Swedish government and all ethical issues arising from such policies. The third part is a personal assessment of the two issues presented parts one and two. This section employs virtues of ethics framework to come up with ethical implications of the issues presented. Working Condition in Greece            Greece working standards are relatively lower compared to those of other European countries. Different studies that support this argument have been conducted. From the data provided by the Social Insurance Foundation and Labor Inspectors in Greece, 35.8 percent of the participants in a survey conducted in 2011specified that there were no health and safety provisions in the firm they worked. 48.7% stated that, to their knowledge, there was no physician assigned to them. In the construction sector, 53.5% had a health and safety provision document while 58.9% in the manufacturing sector had the same. 66.1% of the respondents in the public sector said they lacked such a document (Alexopoulos 2012, p.115).            In its efforts to raise labor standards in Greece, the Greece government initiated several reforms. The reforms aimed at improving working conditions in the country and protecting people’s welfare. Greece is of the countries which experienced the wrath of European crisis. The aftermath of the crisis required tremendous changes in the labor markets. However, these reforms led to limited protection of workers in the labor market. This aspect violated business ethics and essential social rights. Law number 3863/2010 introduced fundamental changes in the labor market. Some of the unfavorable reforms were; shortening the period given as a notice to the termination of white-collar workers, reducing white-collar workers reduced by a half, keeping operational costs must between 5% and 10%, which led to layoffs. However, the minimum wage rates for workers under the age of 25 years reduced to 84% of the set minimum wage. For underage workers, the minimum wage rate set at 70% of the set minimum wage.            Apart from the labor market reforms, the government instituted in 2010, service cuts in pension and other important reforms in the social security regulations. The regulations include; zero increase in the current pension over the next 3 years. For the uninsured persons over the age of 65, their basic pension criteria underwent reforms. The amount of the pension is set at â‚ ¬360. The national budget will finance the pension from the year 2018. Salary cut for employees between 25 years was set between 22% and 32%. The employer can impose this cut without the consent of the employee (Matsaganis 2012, p.450). Analysis of Ethical Implications of Greece Work Policies            Greece policy makers seem to employ utilitarian principle, which states that one determines what is right by contrasting the outcome of all related agents of alternative policy for a particular condition (Bentham 2000, p.70). This principle does not take into account all the people in the society. Undesirable policy can be passed which does not benefit the society at large. Greece labor laws and polices does not seem to benefit the entire society. On the contrary, they benefit a section of the community.            According to (Daluka 2001, p.20) it is right to exercise what is good for the largest population of people. The study reveals that the greatest number of people in the work environment had the health and safety document. Companies in Greece seem to value policies that yield the greatest benefit to the greatest number of people. However, James Rachel, critic of the utilitarian rule, would have argued otherwise. In his criticisms, he points out that, everyone is equal and that everybody’s happiness is important. The group of people who lack the document in this case can claim that businesses in Greece did violate business ethics. This means that utilitarianism is not the best framework to formulate rules and regulations which affect the entire society. Labor markets affect the whole economy in several ways .This means that if there is a fault in formulation of labor laws, the economy will experience problems arising from shortage of labor, a crucial factor in the production process (Rachel 2007, p56). Greece labor reforms further show how the government violates ethics. A salary cut without the consent of employees is unethical, and violates ethics. However, according to utilitarianism, this might not be a big issue so long as it yields maximum benefits to the largest number of people. According to (Goodin 2007, p.245) utilitarianism as a principle should guide political leaders while making decisions that affect the society at large. He points out that leaders must take into account the impacts of the policies they pass on the entire society, other than focusing on a small group of people. Working Conditions in Sweden            Working conditions in Sweden are one of the best on the planet. This is the case because the government has introduced strict worker-safety and environmental regulations. Its manpower of 4.3 million is disciplined, instructed, and experienced in the most current technologies. About 87 percent of Swedish laborers have a place with a workers party, ostensibly the worlds most astounding rate. In addition, unions are active accomplices with organizations in actualizing more proficient projects. Swedish enactment accommodates work representation on the board of directors of large organizations and obliges administration to arrange with the unions prior to actualizing significant changes. Management-labor cooperation participation is customarily non-conferential, meaning labor strikes are rare in the country (Cox 1950, p.390). There is no fixed minimal wage, and all wages are determined through collective bargaining. Since 1991, the real wage increments have surpassed th ose of most EU nations. As the EMU civil argument picks up force, workers parties are calling for buffer funds, like those made in Finland, as a cushion for benefits funds and other laborer benefits throughout the shift period to the euro, in cases where there are huge currency fluctuations (Hammarstrà ¶m 2013, p.142).            Many business spectators, including those from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), have suggested some crucial labor market changes, including wage differentiation (to reduce labor costs for unskilled jobs). These reforms are an incentive to raise individual competence, reduction of income taxes, making labor unions bears the costs of unemployment in the insurance system, as well as liberalization of labor protection legislation. These measures are believed to increase efficiency and competitiveness. Labor representatives in Sweden complain that such measures would burden workers.            On the major Sweden’s labor- related issue is high levels of unemployment. Within a very short time in the early 1990s, the unemployment rate rose from a level which was considered the lowest in the industrialized world to the normal EU levels, where it stayed until the business cycle improved in 1998-99. By 2000, the unemployment rates were less than 5%. However, the rate was 8.7 percent for those workers included in training programs. Swedens government has a plan to reduce the unemployment rate to 4 percent and to guarantee that 80 percent of the working-age populace has a full-time work by 2015 (Drobnic 2012, p.205). Assessment of the issue and its ethical Implications            A careful examination of Sweden’s labor laws and policies shows that the policy makers employ social justice. This is clearly depicted the way polices have been formulated. According to (Betham 2000, p.80) social justice theory asserts that people should exercise fairness in their when dealing with one another. Rawl’s theory of social justice postulates that the society consists of free and equal persons who must be treated equally in political and socio-economic affairs (Blocker 2000, p.30). Swedish government seems to take into account social justice principles before passing labor regulations.            First, the government has come up with strict anti-discrimination laws, contained in Swedish Antidiscrimination Act of 2009. One of the rules of social justice theory is protection against any form of discrimination. By passing the Act, Swedish legislature took into account the rights and freedoms of workers. Therefore, their rules and decisions are in line with the social justice framework. The Act aims at eliminating discrimination in all places of work. It applies to all employees, employers, and job applications irrespective of whether or not the discrimination is intentional. This means that people expect to be treated with dignity, regardless of their appearance or beliefs. If an employer in Sweden is found discriminating his/her workers, he or she is required to pay damages. Failure to this, he/she may end up in prison, and this acts as a lesson to all others who practice discrimination.            On the other hand, Swedish government has made it mandatory for all workers to belong to a labor union (Blau and Khan 1999, p130). This is aimed at protecting the welfare of all workers in Sweden. This is another dimension of social justice. If a member of the union faces a problem, the union is supposed to take care of him/her. All members of the unions are treated equally. This ensures that all of them have equal representation. Rawl’s theory disallows unequal representation in political and social matter.            Swedish Work Environment Authority is governed by the Work Environment Act, which requires employees, employers and equipment suppliers to share responsibility in maintaining safe working conditions. According to this Act, these parties should restrict workplace hazards and prevent accidents. This clearly shows that the policy makers take into consideration the importance of social cooperation. Social justice principles require each person in the society to benefit others, and to prevent harm. This way, social justice is said to prevail in the society. Individual Moral Assessment of the Issue            To better understand moral implications of the cases presented above, a careful analysis using a different ethical framework is necessary. This section discusses how the issues presented above relate to the ethics of virtue framework.            According to Martha Nussbaum arguments, a just society must be characterized by conditions that promote fundamental entitlements for all people. The entitlements include; bodily health, normal life, bodily integrity, senses and imaginations, as well as practical reason, just to mention a few. Failure to recognize these entitlements constitutes unethical behavior (Nussbaum 1993, p 89) . Greece law makers seem to deviate from this moral framework. Some of the policies do not take into account virtues of ethics. For example, cutting an employee’s wage without his/her consent is morally wrong. It hurts one’s feeling and violates virtues of ethics such as kindness, prudence, integrity, and more importantly respect. Passing laws that lower people’s welfare is not consistent with the virtue ethics framework.            On the other hand, Sweden takes into consideration virtues of ethics framework. The laws and polices discussed above clearly show how that policy makers in the country are very much concerned with people’s welfare. Being mindful of others welfare is a crucial virtue. It ensures respect in the society and promotes justice. Moreover, Swedish government promotes fairness in worker’s representation. Again, this is a clear indication of the government’s commitment to promote virtues which promote people’s moral excellence and their well-being. Conclusion            From the analysis presented in this paper, it is clear that governments across the world employ different ethical frameworks when formulating their policies. The distinction between Greece and Sweden working condition reveals that different countries value different policies. However, the paper points out several unethical practices in Greece. On the other hand, Sweden government seems to follow ethics when drafting their laws and regulations. In addition to this, the paper reveals that people and companies’ ethical understanding across the world tend to be influenced by government’s actions. This means that Swedish citizens tend to practice ethics more than Greece citizens. References            Alexopoulos, E. (2012), ‘Sickness absence in the private sector of Greece: Comparing shipyard industry and national insurance data, International journal of environmental research and public health , Journal of Social Affairs, Vol. 34, pp, 1171-1181. Betham, J.(2000), ‘Principles of Morals and Legislation,’Principles of Morals and Legislation. Newyork: Botache Books, pp.78-85. Blau, F., and Khan, L. (1999), ‘Institutions and laws in the labor market’ Handbook of labor economics, vol.3, pp.130-140.Blocker, G. and Elizabeth S. (2000), ‘John Rawls theory of social justice’, Sages Journals ,pp. 24-34. Cox, A.,(1950), ‘Regulation of Collective Bargaining by the National Labor Relations Board’ Harvard Law Review, pp.389-432. Daluka, F. (2001), ‘Global Ethics and Business: A Philosophical Approach’, Global Ethics and Business: A Philosophical Approach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 17-20. DrobniÄ , S.(2012), ‘Good job, good life? Working conditions and quality of life in Europe’, Social indicators research, pp.205. Gordin, S. (2007), ‘Utilitarianism as a public philosophy,’ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press., Hammarstrà ¶m, A. (2013), ‘Higher education and psychological distress: A 27-year prospective cohort study in Sweden’, Scandinavian journal of public health. Pp.140-145.Matsaganis, M..(2012), ‘Social policy in hard times: The case of Greece’, Critical Social Policy, pp.406-421. Nussbaum, M. (1993), ‘The quality of life’, NewYork: Oxford University Press. Rachel, J.(2007), ‘Utilitarianism; for and against’, Havard Journal Of Business Affairs, pp. 56 Source document

Friday, November 15, 2019

The American Revolution Was NOT Justified :: Americas Unjust Revolution

Any historical event with-world changing consequences will always have two sides to the story. What most Americans refer to today as the American Revolution is no different. As Americans, most of us view eighteenth-century England as a tyrannical power across the ocean, and see men like George Washington as heroes who fought against the oppressor. If history and wars were that simple, everyone would understand them, and the need for wars would be diminished. The truth is, England was not the least bit tyrannical to the colonies. Actually, the rebels had no idea, nor any intention of establishing a new and separate government "of the people, by the people, and for the people." They only meant to make a statement and attempt to avoid every tax that Parliament could dream up in the process. Across the Atlantic Ocean in England's Parliame nt, some men such as William Pitt and Edmund Burke understood opposition to taxes by the American colonists. After all, the colonies had been all but ignored by England since they were established in the early part of the seventeenth century up until the Seven Years War (1756 - 1763). Other men such as George Grenville and Charles Townshend did not understand at all the protests against any taxes implemented by Parliament . These men felt that was not only the right of Parliament to demand taxes, but also their duty to raise money for the Crown. Parliament had the power to demand a tax of every British citizen in the empire, and these men had developed their own ideas about how those taxes would be implemented.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Pertaining to psychology Essay

An article in Psychology Today regarding the concepts of alcoholism as a hereditary factor is analyzed and discussed with attributes to scientific facts and statistical claims. Written by the Psychology Today staff, the article; Is It In The Genes? Driven to drink: Does alcoholism run in the family?, begins by proclaiming that 60% of alcoholics have at least on alcoholic parent. Given this number, the question is then raised as to whether the â€Å"disease† is caused by â€Å"wayward genes or lost dreams.† Though claimed as a mystery, the article foreshadows an answer by stating that studies say both sides may be right. The article states that investigators have concluded that there are two types of alcoholics among men – those with beginnings to alcohol abuse before the age of 25, and those whose disease progresses at later periods in life. Of these two types, those with the early beginnings are more inclined to have incidence of family related alcoholism, which suggests a genetic predisposition. Astonishingly, this particular group is stated to comprise 40% of the estimated million male alcoholics in the United States. Not surprising however, this group is most commonly associated with violent behavior. On the other end of the scale, the men who have shown to become alcoholic later in life show a commonality of less family involvement. Their abuse is attributed more to a sought relief from stress and/or anxiety. Given these results, and the possibility of genetic predispositions, many research studies have been conducted in an effort to single out a common chromosomal defect. Fingers have been pointed at a gene which affects the ability of brain cells to respond to dopamine, which is believed to be a reason that alcoholics abuse alcohol – an unaware effort to boost dopamine levels. Other beliefs sway toward what is called a â€Å"mean gene† that impairs the proper actions of serotonin, a chemical stimulant in the brain. As these studies and the researchers who have concluded them debate about the actual culprit, a recent opinion has been declared by Frederick K. Goodwin, M.D. who is the head of the National Institute of Mental Health. Per the article, Goodwin states that there may be more than one single gene involved with alcoholism, much the same as with diabetes. Goodwin also believes that future research may conclude a common genetic predisposition to a complete host of addictions of any range. In sum, Goodwin believes there may be a common thread among all addicts, but that specific characteristics may perpetuate certain cases. Pertaining to psychology, this article is a fantastic way of raising the questions of psychological issues in addiction. It contradicts the actuality that alcoholism, or addiction altogether, is strictly a sect of the psyche which can be overcome through psychological treatment. This article gives simple, yet concise examples and statistics which proclaim the possibility of hereditary predispositions to alcohol addiction, thus ruling out a strong possibility of psychological defect. Though it could be argued that a psychological predisposition could be genetically evident, the concepts of hereditary factors appear to be more supportive of genetic makeup and not learned behavior, which is a common belief toward alcoholism in European societies. This article is very informative of the most recent approaches toward the diagnostics of alcoholism, and as to where the modern understandings of its illness are derived. In conclusive reaction, this particular article is educational to those who are both aware of the dynamics and characteristics of alcoholics and those completely ignorant of the issue. I am pleased with its content, directive, and overall conveyance of matter. BIBLIOGRAPHY: The PT Staff;   Psychology Today – Is It In the Genes? Driven to drink: Does alcoholism run in the family? Sussex Publishers, LLC 2006

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Effects of Globalization in China Essay

When it comes to globalization people will ask some questions. What is globalization? It seems that people who know little about globalization are out of date and lag far behind modern trends. Simon Jeffery (2002) asserts that globalization is the mixing of cultural and economic influences from around the world that has been going on for the last five hundred years. With the development of the global market in China, globalization plays an important role that is undeniably because China has the fastest growing economy in the world. Globalization provides good conditions for expanding international exchanges and strengthening mutual communication between different countries. Although there are many facets to globalization, the increasing acceptance of this concept has resulted in a certain homogenization of views, both economic and political as well as in cultural systems, but most noticeably in economics. (Diane Perrons 2004) The most obvious impact of globalization is as an economic phenomenon, the promotion of free trade in goods, both exports and imports, accompanied by the exchange of labour and services. China has a long history of trade, from the Han Dynasty onwards the Silk Road was the artery of communication which extended across continents as far as Rome itself, then the capital of a world empire. However, throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties China pursued a policy of economic protectionism, leading to a long period of isolation that was brought to an abrupt end with the Opium Wars. The resulting economic degradation enforced by the victorious British had such disastrous consequences for modern China that it was not until the advent of Deng Xiaoping and his reform and opening up policy that China’s development was accepted as inseparable from the outside world. (George T Crane 1999) In recent years the extent to which globalization has been gaining in popularity has increased at an amazing rate in China. The benefits of modern economic globalization since opening up are indisputably reflected in the nation’s booming economy so that China can only be considered undeveloped in comparison to the most developed nations. However, globalization does not always pose equal benefits and risks to all nations. With the developing of the economy in China, the inequality between developing countries and developed countries has been increasing and the gaps between the very poor and the very rich are becoming wider. China has an overwhelming advantage compared with most of the developing countries in terms of finance and the level of technology, culture and science but it is still the superpower countries and other developed capitalist countries which control the main situation of economic globalization in the world. Many people believe that opportunists, both individually and nationally, use globalization purely as a means to increase their profits at China’s expense. The advent of globalization in its present form would not have been possible without adaptations in national politics. Some view globalization as the means to create a form of world government or a union of governments, for example within the World Trade Organization, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which helps to regulate the relationships between different countries and provide guarantees for the rights of peoples affected by the increase of economic and social globalization. (Francesco Stipo 2007) Recently, it has become more noticeable how the Chinese political authorities regularly cite the advances in ‘socialist construction’ and the vitality of new economic growth as an indication of national success. The association with other powers has encouraged the Chinese government to open up in all directions, by lowering tariffs, opening services to foreign competition, promoting exports and welcoming foreign trade the government has allowed a free exchange of ideas in all directions and helped China to become a more prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced socialist country. Unfortunately, these benefits may carry a hidden danger. Since the end of the Second World War the United States has held an overall position of supremacy amongst the other nations of the world, a position which is enhanced by the power and wealth of the American economy. Due to the influence of globalization and to some extent the assistance of the United States’ itself, the People’s Republic of China has enjoyed a period of incredible growth within the last ten years. Should this rate of growth continue at the predicted levels over the next twenty years, there is a strong possibility of a major redistribution of influence among the leading nations. China could become the main rival of the United States and challenge America’s position as the world’s leading superpower. (Charles E Hurst 2007) It will take great political skill from fundamentally opposed ideologies to avoid serious resentment and possible conflict as a consequence of such a drastic shift in the balance of power. Alongside the other developments in globalization, there has been an increasing change to the original culture of China. According to David Held & Anthony McGrew (2002), national societies developed during a long period in which people were mainly content to live within their own native cultures. Although the spread of the world’s major religions can be seen as an early form of globalization, which brought new ideas and made many social impacts, this was a relatively slow process taking decades and centuries in China. People migrating from other countries and holding different beliefs naturally find it difficult to adapt to local customs but China has a long history of absorbing whole populations with diverse ethnic backgrounds. As a result of the economic and political benefits brought by globalization, people have increased their standard of living and enjoy foreign products and ideas. Modern developments in communication are widely available even in the remotest regions and many people want to acquire the equivalent of a westernized urban lifestyle. On the other hand, those who are against this trend suggest that modern globalization creates an atmosphere where there is a possible danger of the original national culture disappearing and that it exerts a negative impact on the preservation of national characteristics. While globalization advocates an open face policy, many people see this as a threat leading to erroneous concepts and a lowering of ethical standards, a kind of selfish and individualistic lifestyle which is harmful. For example, the preference for Hollywood films, shoppers buying from international malls, more people eating western food and staying in luxury hotels. Increasingly, people want the chance to live in foreign countries where they can have this lifestyle but the resulting ‘brain drain’ is considered a problem since it is mainly the educated and skilled workers who are leaving China. Gregory Chow 2006) Globalization is changing an increasing number of people’s daily life in China and it is difficult to predict the eventual cost in cultural damage to such a traditional people. To sum up, from what has been discussed about globalization, how does this affect China and her position in the world? Globalization could be identified as the means to end any con flict between different interests because different groups of people hold different views, ideologies, perspectives and methodologies. Globalization might have the impetuous to resolve the complicated competition between China and other countries. However, China should take some measures to protect both the national and local culture and consider adjusting the economic pace in the rush to catch up with other countries. As to the result, it might be very difficult to safeguard against the worst aspects of globalization and to preserve China and maintain that unique heritage which is such a feature in the world.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Concept of National and Transnational Entities

Concept of National and Transnational Entities This essay looks into national and transnational entities. The essay looks into characteristics of modern nation states and makes distinctions between nation, state and nation states. Further, the essay considers how the United States fits into the description of a nation state.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of National and Transnational Entities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The essay also discusses transnational entities with the European Union as a perfect example of such. Finally, the interrelations between the United States and the European Union are discussed to illustrate how nation states engage with transnational entities to achieve their interests A nation state is a defined territory occupied by people of a given cultural background. An example of a modern nation state is Portugal. Portugal is a nation state because the Portuguese; which is a distinct cultural group has occupied the defined te rritory over a long period of time. The Portuguese form nationhood while the territory that frames area of political jurisdiction frames the state. A nation differs from a state in the sense that a state refers to a political entity while a nation is characterized more by cultural and ethnic characteristics (Perry, Perry, 1999, p. 343). A nation state therefore refers to a political entity or territory under the jurisdiction of a given political regime and is characterized by a people of certain distinct cultural or ethnic characteristics. Additionally, modern nation states have one common culture, a constitution, a currency system and a distinct national language. A nation can be described as a union of people who come together as one unit based on same language or culture. For example, England is a nation composed of English people. The English have distinctive language and cultural practices. A state is a territory manned by one government that controls all within the boundaries on behalf of the people in the territory (Perry, Perry, 1999, p. 342). A state establishes a clear legal systems that governs or directs or operations. An example of a state is South Africa. As already discussed, the nation state is where people of same cultural characteristics or background are under one political entity or state (Perry, Perry, 1999, p. 168). A good example of a nation state as already indicated is Portugal.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The United States of America has all the characteristics of a modern nation state. A modern nation state is characterized by a defined territory over which one government exercises jurisdiction and the people share in a common culture. The USA is a territory with defined boundaries over which the central government in Washington exercises jurisdiction. The boundaries frame the fixed territory that is USA. T he territory does not change and is recognized internationally. American is a sovereign nation state. Sovereignty refers to total jurisdiction over a territory that can not be interfered with by any outside force. The US government exercises sovereign power over all that goes on in the fixed territory that is recognized internationally. International recognition of a state is crucial because it provides for the mutual respect between nation states. The mutual respect guarantees sovereignty because any country or state that interferes in the operations of another risks aggression from other states. Common culture is a phrase that refers to values, beliefs, traditions that are shared by a given people (Perry, Perry, 1999, p. 153). Americans are very distinctive people because of the common culture in which they share. Some of the characteristic cultural values or characteristics that Americans share are a strong belief in freedom, assertiveness, change oriented and casualness in thei r approach to issues. Some of these cultural values were either borrowed from other cultures e.g. in the course of colonization by the English. There are days recognized by the government I. e. the national holidays such as the veterans day, independence day, thanks giving day, memorial day and the labor day (Perry, Perry, 1999, p. 185). United States is the most influential country in the world and wields a lot of influence on other countries’ foreign policies. The main objective of the US foreign policy is to promote democratic values for the benefit of Americans and all other nations. The second major objective is to safe guard the interests of the Americans in international engagement e.g. by ensuring American businesses in other countries are safe. A transnational entity refers to a political-economic and social entity composed of many nation states under a harmonized structure. The European Union is a good example of a transnational entity (Perry, Perry, 1999, p. 463) . The organization was realized after a number of developments that have their roots in World War II. World War II had devastating effects on the political economy and social structures in many European nations. To deal with post WWII challenges, a number of unconsolidated bodies were formed among European nations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of National and Transnational Entities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The unconsolidated bodies gradually transformed themselves in a number of European communities. In 1992, the Maastricht treaty augmented or set pace for the formation of a supranational outfit. The different pillars or the European Union took shape through the Amsterdam and Nice treaties. Finally in 2007 through the Lisbon treaty, the European Union with its current institutions and characteristics was established. The European Union has five institutions that run its affairs. The first institut ion is the EU parliament. This parliament has representatives elected from different EU countries. The members of the EU parliamentarians are elected directly by the citizens of member countries. The second institution is the EU presidency which rotates on a six month basis. Every six months, a new EU member takes over the chairmanship or presidency of the EU council. The EU council is a decision making body composed of ministers from member nations. The European commission is another institution that makes proposals with regards to legislation that is considered by parliament and council. The EU has a court of Justice which interprets EU legislation so that the different national courts do not hold different views on the same. The final EU institution is the Court of Auditors which ensures EU funds are spent appropriately. As currently instituted, the European Union facilitates closer relation among member countries and acts as a counter power to the influence of super powers like the US in the world. It consolidates the capacity of member nations into one capacity that is best placed to compete in the globalized world. The current foreign policy objectives of the EU are in tandem with ensuring world security and economic growth for its member nations through benefits that accrue from its increased market potential. National states and transnational entities aim at safeguarding their interests on the global scene through a number of ways. In international trade, USA and the European Union have engaged in either multilateral and bilateral arrangements or alliances aimed at better trading between them. The multilateral and bilateral arrangements aim at establishing favorable treatment of goods from given countries thus facilitating more trade. Through diplomacy, which is also called soft power, the transnational entities and nation states influence how decisions that affect the whole world are determined. For example, in recent talks about global warming, the U S came in strongly and diplomatically roped in a few allies to help pass some helpful resolution in relation to cutting on carbon emissions. Diplomacy is one key tool for both national states and international entities to safeguard their interests. Another tool that is used is threat of force. Countries like the USA have bullied some other smaller countries into towing the line or risk invasion. The European Union as a block is a huge military power. Through use of their collective security capacity i.e. organs like NATO have safeguarded both interests of member nation states and the transnational entities as a whole (Perry, Perry, 1999, p. 485).Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The efforts nation states and transnational entities take to safeguard their interests directly impact on the balance of power in international politics. When nations form alliances or transnational entities take unilateral foreign policy decisions, they directly affect the balance of power in international politics (Perry, Perry, 1999, p. 487). The efforts make some countries sovereignty more compromised than others. When sovereignty is compromised, it means that such a country does not have much clout with which to safeguard its interests. In conclusion, the formation of transnational entities and alliances has made nationhood and state jurisdiction even more porous. Consequently, sovereignty of nations is no longer as sacrosanct as it was traditionally. With globalization and tendency towards more interrelation between nations, many states remain as merely territories but much that goes on within them is controlled internationally. The interaction between nation states and engag ements of transnational entities tilts international politics. Reference List Perry, J. A., Perry, E., (1999). Contemporary Society: An Introduction to Social Science. 9th Ed., Boston: Allyn and Bacon,

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

These Tips Will Help You Decide on the Company to Buy Papers From

These Tips Will Help You Decide on the Company to Buy Papers From Essay writing services offer students a chance to get high-quality assignments that are plagiarism free within a short time but at a price. The services are popular among students that do not have time or have several assignments they have to complete. Benefits from Command the Services of the Custom Writing Services: 1.  They get to work with professionals that have the experience at an affordable price. 2.  The service is totally confidential and private. The companies will not resell or share your information. 3.  The professionals have the ability to produce high-quality custom papers on tight deadlines and with quick turnaround. 4.  It saves the students time so that they can use it on more important classwork. If it is the first time you are looking to command these services, then you will be doubtful and uncomfortable with the whole arrangement. It is important that you do not go in blindly you must gather some information before you can make a decision. You might have friends that had bad experiences, and this might make you shy away from the whole idea, but this should not be the case. Some of the writing agencies do not pay much attention to the success of their clients, and you should avoid such companies. Read more here: Buy Research Paper Online Closer Look at Descriptive Essay Top Essay Writing Service Buying a College Paper: pros and cons Buy an Essay Online 10 Tips to Help You When Buying an Essay 1. Never make impulsive decisions Make sure that you have your research before you can settle on a writer. 2. Find a reliable writing service This might seem obvious but can be overlooked. To find a reliable company, you must take your time to check the reputation of the company. Reading reviews gives you an idea of what others are saying about the services they got. If in the reviews you find clients complaining of plagiarized papers and poor customer service then do not consider such a company. Remember cheap is expensive so do not rush for the cheapest offers. 3. Clear requirements You also play a role in determining the quality of paper you get. Ensure that you give crystal clear requirements. Always make an extra effort to be as specific as possible about the things you need from the writer. 4. Ensure that the service is fairly priced Do not go for those writers that ask for a very low price for their service; this should raise a red flag. The price they charge is an indication of the quality of work they will deliver. You either get low-quality work or plagiarized work. 5. Always check the paper for originality Do not blindly accept the paper and then submit it. Make sure you check if it is 100% original. You can either choose to purchase a plagiarism checker software and check the work yourself, or you can decide to let the writer check it and send proof of originality. 6. Proofread and edit your work This the only sure way to know the grammar in your essay is impeccable, and you hired a person that is attentive to every detail. 7. Ask for revisions till you receive an impeccable paper Dont be shy to ask for as many revisions as you need. Usually, revisions are free of charge so dont accept the paper till you see a perfect result. 8. Never give your bank login credentials This is to keep you safe from a scam. 9. As for a custom sample You can check the quality of writing and decide if it meets your standards before hiring the writer. 10. Talk to the writer Talk to him as often as possible throughout the project to make sure that both of you are on the same page at all times. By following the above ten tips, you will be safe from scams, and you will get the highest quality papers that will improve your grades. Order here and you are assured   to get the highest quality within the shortest time and at fair prices.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Coca-Cola and the Evolution of Advertising Research Paper

Coca-Cola and the Evolution of Advertising - Research Paper Example Christened Coca-Cola by Pemberton’s accountant, the bookkeeper spelled out the product’s name in his distinctive script, which remains an integral part of the brand to this day. (heritage.coca-cola.com)Christened Coca-Cola by Pemberton’s accountant, the bookkeeper spelled out the product’s name in his distinctive script, which remains an integral part of the brand to this day. (heritage.coca-cola.com) Bought by local tycoon Asa Candler in 1886, the formula was bottled and marketed across the nation.   Early ads featured ladies and children to an inordinate degree.   The subjects were bright-eyed and cherub-cheeked, conservative images even for the time.   The first â€Å"celebrity spokesperson† was a Boston actress named Hilda Clark.   This is an early example of the use of famous persons as company spokespeople (http://www.dirjournal.com). Aside from their visual components, each ad also touted the merits of the drink.   The word that app eared over and over was â€Å"refreshed.†   The website    http://www.dirjournal.comhas a display of Coke images over the years that show this.   An ad from the 1890s features both a grown man and a young boy sipping the soft drink at a lunch counter.   Beneath this are the words â€Å"It satisfies the thirsty and helps the weary.†    A second one from the same era shows gaily dressed women at a restaurant table.   On a sign behind them, the message â€Å"Coca-Cola revives and sustains† is presented.   Developing this theme, later advertisements urged drinkers to â€Å"shop refreshed,† â€Å"lunch refreshed,† and â€Å"drive refreshed.† Appeals to the drink’s invigorating power are likely references to its high caffeine content.   This is known in marketing circles as â€Å"transformational appeal.† (Advertising appeal)   The underlying message is that using the promoted product will effect positive change in the consumer.   This same strategy used today in commercials for makeup, skin care products, and home exercise equipment.   In the late 1800s, the pitch of choice for Coca-Cola is that it would transform weary, worn out people into ones bursting with vigor and pep.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Alternative Energy Sources Solar Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Alternative Energy Sources Solar Energy - Essay Example Research indicates that solar energy has the capacity to satisfy all the energy requirements of all the people in this world. In fact, it can do the same in just one year, if all the sunlight falling on all parts of the world is harvested. Usage and concept of solar energy is no new concept and it exists in its simplest and passive form since ancient Greeks. However, for the past three to four decades there has been a lot of research in this field. Production of solar vehicles, automobiles, boats, aircrafts and others have made important news. Quite understandably, solar energy provides quite a lot of advantages over the traditional sources of energy generation. Firstly, this method is extremely cost effective since all the consumers need to pay is the fixed cost of buying and installing the machine on their roofs and the rest is free. Secondly, they reduce the risk of the hazards and environmental concerns developed by the use of oil as fuel. Thirdly, solar energy is pretty much useable even in most remote areas moreover the culture of the United states suits it since most of the homes have their own roof tops for installation of these machines. The United States has been doing a lot for promotion of solar energy. Currently, the United States is getting less than 1000 MW of electricity from solar energy but it aims at increasing it more than six times by the end of 2014 (Richards, 32-46). Moreover, currently the governments is providing with many incentives like tax exemptions, soft cheap easy loan facility, leasing, installments, rebates, bonds and others to encourage people to shift to using solar energy. Consider the following scenarios. Experts all around the world agree to the fact that the United States of America did not launch the war in Iraq for the search of Weapons for Mass Destruction nor it was

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and Assignment

Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children - Assignment Example Conducted to an average mean age of six, the children underwent gastrointestinal, developmental tests and neurological testing. The results show that all the children had gastrointestinal disease and poor development. The poor development is associated with the change of environment from their homes to the pediatric facility (A J Walkfield, 1998). The method of testing includes the clinical investigation, laboratory investigation and histology. Developmental testing is conducted with the help of the parents. Ileocolonoscopy is then conducted after bowel preparation. Biopsy samples of the mucosa are then taken for testing from the terminal ileum. Urine is also tested to measure the amount of urinary methylmalonic acid. Magnetic imaging resonance is conducted to check the cerebral response. Stem auditory and sensory together with lumbar puncture is also done. None of the 12 children showed neurological abnormalities according to the clinical tests. Child number eight-showed slow development because of an earlier operation on her aorta. Eight of the children showed poor development due to infection of measles, mumps or rubella vaccination. All the children tested negative for antiendomyseal test. Eight children were reported to have mucosal and rectal abnormalities. Terminal lymphoid hyperplasia was also reported in nine children. Parasites and organisms were not present in the intestines of the 12 children. The goblet cells were not also depleted. The developmental regression results from of loss of coordination in the bladder or bowel function. The increased permeability into the intestinal walls is as a result of deficiency of the phenyl-sulphur transferase enzyme. Strains of measles vaccine have been traced to children suffering from autoimmune hepatitis hence playing a major role in the developmental regression. Vitamin B12 was deficient in the children since there was an increase in the methylmalonic acid concentrations. Vitamin B12

Monday, October 28, 2019

Compare and Contrast the Contribution to the Study of Education Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast the Contribution to the Study of Education Essay I am comparing and contrasting the contribution to the study of education made by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke as I believe they are two of the biggest contributors to education. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland, on June 12, 1712. His mother died soon after his birth, and his father Isaac Rousseau, abandoned him to be orphaned at the age of twelve. Rousseau addresses freedom more than any other problem and aims to explain how man is given total freedom without restrictions. Rousseau believes there are two reasons for this, first if he is not restricted by rules of state or dominated by others. The second is that if he is free from the need of artificial or material things in modern society. These make up a large amount of Rousseau’s philosophy, but the second is part of his more insightful philosophical process. Rousseau believed that modern society has changed man into being run by his own needs, he thinks that this enslavement to their own needs is to blame for exploitation of others to self-esteem issues. Rousseau has a famous phrase, man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains, he says that modern states withhold the physical freedom that is our birth right, and do nothing to secure the civil freedom for the sake of which we enter into civil society. Rousseau strongly believes that young children at a certain age must focus on the physical side of their education. Like animals they must be left to their own devices to discover the world they live in and how things work it is very important when it comes to learning later in life.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

College Admissions Essay: Responsibility Begins with Me

The Cycle of Responsibility Begins with Me    I believe that it is the responsibility of every student who has received an education in a state school to give something back to the state. This state contains many institutions that offer curricula of quality primary education and is home to several above-average secondary or college institutions as well. Students who receive the state's gift of education should show their gratitude by using that knowledge to improve their community. Having lived in a small, rural community, I have long desired improvements for my own hometown. It has long been a fact that very few people who live in my community gain a college education. I plan on earning a bachelor's degree in Aerospace Engineering from University State, and with that degree, I w...