Project Management for Family Day Essay

Company ABC is a small company consist of 100 employees in total. To facilitate bonding between the employees and their family and enhance relationships between co-workers, company ABC will make a family day that will be held in Chinese Garden on 1st of July 2013. In this family day, employees and their family will participate in some activities that has been arranged by company. Project Scope Statement Project Objective The objective from these activities are happy employees with stronger relationship between each other. It also expected to give a new positive atmosphere in the workplace. To achieve it, there are some activities that will be done. Those activities will be divided into teenage-adults, family and kids. Employees and their family can freely choose which stand they want to attend. All the activities’s equipment must be readily available at least 3 days before the due day, which is on 28th of June. The ingredients for cooking competition and souvenir (goodie bag) must be stored one day before the due day, 30th of June. The food for consumption must be ordered one week before due date, so does the transportation. Booking location must be done at least one month before due day. Assume that each employees has 4 family members, there will be 400 people, more or less. Cost for family’s activities $1000. On kids zone, the cost will be $850. On consumption and souvenir is $1000 and for transportation’s budget is $1500, last but not least the venue’s cost will be $900. Deliverables As mention before, all the activities are divided into three groups. The first group (teenage-adult)’s activities, consist of airsoft gun, baseball, and volleyball. In the family section there will be cooking competition and on kid’s zone the activities are making handicraft, painting and playing percussion music. Milestones Sending the invitation to all employees – 15th of May book the place – 1st of June rent the airsoft gun place – 15th of June book the food – 24th of June book the transportation – 24th of June rent cooking equipment – 24th of June rent the percussion instrument – 24th of June buy baseball and volleyball equipment – 28th of June buy the handicraft and painting equipment – 29th of June buy ingredient for cooking – 30th of June prepare the place – 30th of June Technical Requirements Airsoft gun area can fit 20 person in each game (around 30 minutes), every person will be provided with a body protector, helmet and a gun. Baseball game will have two teams with 9 member (around 2 families) each, each game will be provided 3 balls, 1 bat and 8 gloves. For volleyball, it can fit 12 persons that divided into 2 teams in each game, on this game will be provided by 2 volleyballs and 1 net. Cooking competition equipment 1 small stove, 2 knifes, 2 bowls, 1 cutting board, 1 frying pan, 3 plates and the salad ingredients will be provided. One for each family, there will be 10 family competing on this competition. Kid’s zone activities, handicarft’s stuff, scissor, glue, coloured plastic, origami, and wire are provided. On painting section, brush, canvas, and paint will be given to each kids. Lastly, percussion instrument will be provided. Limits and Exclusions Employees need to bring their own cap, change of clothes and apron. Those things are not provided by committee. Reviews with Customer For this family day, we have four sponsors. Faber castel for painting equipments, SBS transit for shuttle bus, DBS, and Yamaha for percussion instruments. Project Priorities On this project, to save the company’s budget, cost will be the most constraint matter. If this activities exceed the budget too much, it may not be approved by the superior/ director. The performance of family day can be enhanced. Committee will give their best effort to make the activities becomes spectacular, but as long as the employees and their family enjoy this activities, it will be good enough. Because, the main purpose of these activities is strengthen the bonding of each other. Time for this family day can be accepted if there is a change, because the member for this activities is still inside the company, so, the schedule can be changed easily. Although, it’s still inappropriate if the committee change the date too often. Work Breakdown Structure Cost Estimation In this project, there will be two types of cost-estimation, weekly cost-estimation and milestones cost-estimation. The budget will be counted from 15th of May all the way to 1st of July. It covers entertainment, venue, kid’s zone, consumption, souvenir and reward cost. Some of the cost are covered by sponsors, and the rest of them will be taken from cash of company ABC.

How Does Globalization Impact Consumers? Essay

How does globalization impact consumers? This question has been highly debated by economists. Some believe consumers will be negatively affected by globalization with greater economic instability and multiple financial crisis’ while corporations receive record profits. Other experts are of the opinion that globalization will provide customers with more wealth, more goods at lower costs, and will end poverty. Globalization gives customers the advantage of getting the best products at the best prices, per many economists and theorists. Each country, in a global market, manufacturers a product (or products) that they are best and most efficient at producing. As a result, consumers have affordable products that were previously out of their price range in some cultures (i.e. cars). Thus, the standard of living in each country is raised due to the positive effects of globalization. According to this perspective, the new global economy will shift millions of people from absolute poverty to the middle class. Another predicted benefit of globalization is that it will increase global salaries of managers and professionals and provide an increased market for international positions. Consumer access to disposable income will increase demand for technological advancement and new and improved goods. Further, lower prices give consumers the benefit of being able to save money or spend money on things they want instead of only things they need. In the article â€Å"Global Marketing and Advertising,† de Mooij suggests (Sage, 2005) that â€Å"wealth brings choice† and she believes consumers will choose to bring back old values to contain or in an effort to halt the westernizing of their culture. Harvard Professor Samuel Huntington agrees that globalization will cause a renewed interest in local traditions. In his article, â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations and Remaking of World Order† (Simon & Schuster, 1997), he opined that modernization encourages local social confidence and a resurgence of faith in local traditions and customs. Some see many disadvantages of globalization. Opponents of globalization state that it makes the rich more wealthy and the poor even poorer, particularly in cultures without ethical protections of its workforce. The opponents believe poor cultures will become too dependent upon other cultures because they cannot keep up. For example, India’s poverty in factions could worsen due to becoming more dependent on imports from other countries that could lead to high inflation. Instead of India’s  manufacturing sector expanding it could cause India’s people greater disadvantage due to not being able to complete with other nations technologically or scientifically. Another opponent of globalization stated that growth in Third World exports will create more oppression of workers because cheap labor will be more common and in more demand. Thus, common people in Indonesia and Bangladesh will suffer more harshly. Put in another way, cheap labor will be the demand, not efficiency of industry, and will be the new â€Å"cotton†.

Antamina Case

In what way is the development of Antamina mine a real option? Compare it to a financial option. The Antamina mine case can be modeled as a real option. An option in financial terms is the right to buy/sell something, it is not mandatory to buy/sell, is a choice that the owner can do. If you can earn with the exercise of the option, you use your right, but if it is not the case you simply do not utilize it. In this way the return derived from an option is asymmetric.In real term an option is defined as the flexibility a manager has to take decisions. For example if he can choose if take the decision to invest or not in a project, if develop or not a product, if expand or not the variety of services offered. They are â€Å"real† because concern the project and are in project in the sense that design the element of the system, but the characteristics of asymmetric returns, choice of use and sunk costs are the same of financial option.The Net Present Value analysis not considers these options and believes that it is not possible to take decisions but they are predetermined. Instead the Real Options analysis takes in account of these flexibilities and evaluate their effect on the value of the project. The characteristics of a real option are mainly three: Timing Uncertainty Irreversibility In the Antamina case the characteristic of timing is two years, in fact is not necessary to take decision to develop or not the mine immediately.The uncertainty concerns the value of the mine, the costs of the opening and the price of the metal that will extract. The irreversibility is about the option premium that is a cost not recoverable, if it is exercised or not the option you have to pay it. The option used is a call-like option (right to buy something to a predetermined price), so it is possible compare a common financial call option with the Antamina real one.In a typical financial option the underlying asset is a stock, instead in the Antamina case it is the value of the mine, the value of the reserves of metal contained in it. The exercise price of a financial option is the strike price, the price at which you can buy/sell the option, instead in the case analyzed is the development cost of the mine. Comparing the maturities in the financial case is the time of the option, the time at which the option can be exercised, and in the real case is two years from now.The volatility concern the stock price in financial option, in Antamina mine is the volatility of metal price and the volatility of reserve value. The main differences between a financial option and the real option in general are: the period (years) that is much longer than a financial option (three-six months), and the difficulty to model the future value of the asset that cannot be forecasted basing on the past observations. It is very important to take in account these considerations in the valuation of a project.

Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Letter - Essay Example The topic being discussed should resonate with the reader in such a way as to provoke a reaction, a response or an action. I will be the first to admit that I struggle when writing, such as putting the words into the introduction. It is what they call as a â€Å"writer’s block† in which I have ideas but cannot put them down into writing. This is the same case with my conclusion portion of a paper, how to summarize everything that is to be consistent with the material that went before reaching the last part of any paper. In this regard, I have learned how to use persuasion as one of the writing styles with which to convince a reader of my viewpoint. To do that successfully, I need to use all the three factors of argumentation which are pathos (emotions), logos (knowledge) and ethos (credibility). To do so successfully, I believe I need to improve my English skills so I can put my thoughts into the exact words to what I mean. Because of my limited English skills, I understand I can have a harder time than my classmates when trying to make a point in my paper. However, I believe this problem can be solved if I try hard enough. I also realized a bit late that my tone can sometimes be too neutral when I should have been taking a stand on a certain issue or a topic being discussed. It seems I am afraid to commit my opinion to one side and I think this makes my paper a bit tame and therefore also less convincing. In my attempts to express my ideas, I tend to put so many things together in one sentence which can cloud the whole argument I am making or dilutes the essence of my ideas. The reader can get confused which I understand is not the intention of any writing and so some arguments are not discussed so very thoroughly in a way that convinces people to my side. I am probably good in incorporating some notable quotations in my papers but doing so is not effective at times because I end up not showing my tone

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman - Essay Example By taking her away from things that are important to her, such as her ability to read and write, John causes the narrator to become insane. Although The Yellow Wallpaper has all the elements of a fictional short story such as plot, setting, characters and a common point of view, the story gives us an insight into the author’s world and time, especially the subjugated role of woman in the 19th century. Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† begins when the main character, an unnamed woman, her husband, their newborn baby and her sister-in-law go to a rented summer house. The house, especially the room the narrator stays in, is the setting of the story. The story takes place at about the time it was written, the late 19th century. At the beginning of the story, the narrator is suffering from postpartum depression, and the summer house will function as a place for her to recuperate. The narrator feels uneasy in the rented mansion and wishes to spend her ti me writing and socializing. She is of the opinion that activity and interesting work will help her condition. However, the narrator’s physician husband, John, forbids her from engaging in any type of physical activity and does not even allow her to see her baby. This causes the narrator to feel lonely and bored. The conflict results in the narrator’s repression. She begins her secret journal, Sebastian 2 writing about her thoughts. As the narrator is forced to lie in bed all day and rest, she becomes entranced by the yellow wallpaper in her room and tries to decode its design. First, the narrator sees the wallpaper as ugly. Next, she sees patterns and shapes in it and finally, she sees a woman trapped behind it and trying desperately to get out from it. The climax of the story is when the narrator who has gone completely crazy, tears off the wallpaper so that she can never be put back into her prison. When John comes home, he finds the door to his bedroom locked. Later , John sees his wife creeping on the floor and faints. At the conclusion of the story, the narrator continues to strip off the wallpaper, convinced that she has found freedom at last. The narrator who is unnamed in the story is the protagonist. She is a new mother and the wife of a doctor. When she suffers from nervous depression, she and her husband rent a country house so that she can rest and recover. She is confined to a room that used to be a nursery. Despite her love for writing, her husband, John, does not allow her to read, write or engage in any mental activity. â€Å"He hates me to write a word†, she says. The narrator, however, has a different opinion: â€Å"Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good. But what is one to do?† (Gilman). The narrator is feeling trapped in a marriage that does not allow her freedom to express herself. Thus, she begins to write a secret journal and becomes obsessed with the yellow wall paper. First, she sees the soiled, ripped and an unclean yellow wallpaper. Then, she notes, â€Å"But there is something else about the paper – the smell! †¦The only thing I can think of that it is like, is the color of the paper! A yellow smell† (Gilman). The smell shows the progression towards insanity. She is first bothered by the sight of the pattern and now the smell. Her mind has completely overpowered her senses, making her believe these things. Eventually, she associates herself with the woman who appears to be behind bars or in a Sebastian 3 cage. Her final act of

IT Evolution in Global Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

IT Evolution in Global Banking - Essay Example so access their bank accounts, withdraw cash, pay bills, get bank statements, deposit cash and even buy products without having to visit their bank branches. Indeed, what technology has facilitated is the reduction of physical conduct between the customer and the banker bringing in a new phenomenon known as virtual banking. Information technology can offer a bank a competitive edge over other banks (Singer, Ross & Avery 2005) The internet invention was the greatest breakthrough for banks in carrying out their transactions with customers (Wanderi 2012). As internet access is enhanced, more and more banks are turning to online banking services. Such services are more convenient to customers and the banker, they also save time and costs and increase efficiency. Banks that do not adopt technology are likely to be unpopular among the customer base. Automated teller machines, television banking, virtual banking, internet banking, mobile banking, online pay bill, mobile commerce, social media payments, credit cards and debit cards are some of the examples of how technology is changing the banking industry (Kendrick 2011). This paper will discuss the evolution of information technology in the banking industry with emphasis on internet banking, growth of e-commerce and virtual banking and new delivery channels such as PC banking, mobile banking and TV banking. The most important concept is the internet. In early years of internet, banks normally used the internet for internal purposes such as publishing of corporate data and offerings. At this time, internet was mainly used in banking as a tool of information dissemination to customers and the general public. This was then followed by banking internet services such as checking account balances online, paying utility bills online and online transfer of funds. Many banks feared transacting over the internet because of the security threats. However, with the growth in software and information technology infrastructure many

Article analysis about organizational culture Essay

Article analysis about organizational culture - Essay Example At a first level, a brief description of the article should be provided. After being 12 years in the firm, Greg Smith had realized that the behavior of the organization towards its clients was not appropriate. For this reason, Greg decided to leave the firm even if he had no complaints for his treatment as a member of the workforce (Urstadt 2012). The article is based on the experience of Greg, as an employee of the particular organization, and does not include details in regard to the firm’s employment policies. However, the article reveals an important characteristic of the firm: the lack of publicity in regard to the organization’s culture (Urstadt 2012). The article leads the reader to contradictory assumptions: at a first level, Smith had felt that he should terminate his contract with the specific firm as he could not tolerate the way that the firm’s employees had to treat the customers. On the other hand, Smith notes that despite his opposition in regard t o the firm’s practices the benefits that an individual can enjoy by working in the particular organization are significant. The article includes the personal views of the author, Urstadt (2012) in regard to the story of Greg Smith. ... A major firm, like Goldman Sachs, would be expected to have clear rules in regard to the promotion of ethics and fairness across its departments. Still, through the article of Greg it is revealed that well-known firms, such as Goldman Sachs, do not necessarily operate on the basis of a particular cultural framework. Rather, they can continuously alternate their policies, as appropriate, so that the success of their operations is guaranteed. In the context of a multidimensional analysis, the article would be analyzed by using different criteria. The article has been well-structured showing providing primarily a brief description of Greg’s qualities, as an employee, and of his position within the particular organization. Then, reference is made to the organizational practice that led Greg to leave the firm, i.e. the use of an offensive word by managers when discussing for customers (Urstadt 2012). At the next level, the author gives his personal view on Greg’s justificati ons in regard to his decision to terminate his employment contract with Goldman Sacks. Reference is made to the character of Greg, especially of his lack of awareness in regard to his actual capabilities. The benefits that Greg enjoyed as an employee of Goldman Sachs are also presented. In this way, readers are able to evaluate the appropriateness of Greg’s decision and his actual motives. Using the theory related to organizational culture, the following issues would be highlighted: the organizational culture of each firm needs to be clearly stated so that its stakeholders are able to understand their role in relation to the firm’s activities. However, it is possible, under certain terms, that the elements of organizational culture are not made known to the public.

Physics assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Physics - Assignment Example There are certain standards set as to assert the safety standard of any nuclear power plant. The organization that regulates the policies around the globe is known as IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). This organization has set a certain benchmark; which are actually, major concerns of a nuclear reactor in any country of the world. Some on the concerns are: 1. Testing of emergency situations, if and when they happen. 2. Equipment and actions to adhere the consequences of such an emergency. 3. Probability calculations of units failing and their back-ups. 4. Examining the worst possible scenario and creating an emergency plan accordingly. 5. Actions taken, in the event of radiation emissions form the plant. 6. Proper training of the men working in these facilities. 7. Anti-earth quake and anti-flood systems, which have to be, installed (Hugh, 2011). Question 2 There are three types of radiation particles namely alpha, beta and gamma particle radiations. Alpha radiations have be en defined as helium nuclei, comprising of two protons and two neutrons. It is considered to be very stable. Beta radiations have been defined as fast moving electrons formed by nuclear decay, whereas gamma radiations are known to be high frequency, short wavelength electromagnetic radiation (Cheng et al, 2000). All three of these radiations have certain benefits and disadvantages. The disadvantage of alpha particle is that when it in inhaled, can cause damage to lungs and the respiratory system. Beta rays cause disorder in the molecular structure of humans, whereas gamma rays can directly damage the human tissue, since they are very high energy rays. Along with these disadvantages, there are some benefits as well. Alpha particles are used to detect smoke for engaging a fire alarm or water sprinkler. Beta particles are used to find thickness of aluminum foil, its variables and capable of treating cancer patients as well. Gamma radiations are used to locate flaws in pipes, other stee l products for leaks and the integrity of welds in them (Cheng et al, 2000). Medical benefits of radiations can be seen in the use of x-rays and treatment of cancer, whereas non-medical use of radiation can be seen in industries, for detection of leaks and welding faults in different metal mediums. Also for non-medical use, the rays are used for inspection on the production line to check emptiness or the thickness of materials like aluminum. (Cheng et al, 2000). Question 3 Apart from nuclear power, there are other ways to produce energy like hydroelectric, fossil fuel burning, solar and wind power. All these methods have a lot of advantages and disadvantages. Some of them will be depicted here. Hydroelectric power is free of cost, as water flow is easily available all around the world but the drawback is the amount of expenditure involved to build dams and huge water turbines. Furthermore, the environmental hazard for hydroelectric power generation is the disturbance of the ecologic al habitat of the aquatic life in the region. Fossil fuel is the best form of energy as it provides predictable and a constant power source but the major drawback falters this form of energy. It is the fossil fuel that is not a reusable or renewable source and is becoming scarce from the world at a very rapid rate. Solar and wind power both have almost the same kind of advantage and disadvantage. The setup for both is very expensive and is unpredictable in nature but the best advantage of these sources of power is

How to Write the Outcomes Evaluation Section of a Grant Proposal Essay

How to Write the Outcomes Evaluation Section of a Grant Proposal - Essay Example The grantmaker gives your organization money based on how well your goals and objectives match their own goals and objectives. They are investing money in your organization and programs, much like you would do if you bought a stock or bond. The grantmaker wants to see a â€Å"return on investment† in the form of outcomes. Not just feel-good outcomes, but evidence that something has changed or improved because of their investment with you. By the time you get to write the Outcomes Evaluation section of the proposal, you should already have: Now you are ready to write the Outcomes Evaluation and Dissemination Plan. The outcomes evaluation section of a grant proposal is the most difficult to write and usually ends up being the shortest section. This is too bad, because here is where a non-profit can show itself to be organized and professional. Designing instruments, gathering data, and crunching numbers seems to be a frustrating waste of time for the people on the ground. You or your staff might think: There are so many constituents who could use our help; why do we waste our time proving we are helping? Just look around! It’s not quite that simple, however. Grantmakers are not punishing you by asking for outcomes evaluation. This data, properly gathered and evaluated, and properly applied, strengthens your organization (Foundation Center 2009). It is like a pat on the back you give yourselves, or constructive criticism you create from within your organization. It should go without saying, but a reminder is always nice: read the request for proposal carefully. Some grantmakers want to see actual prototypes of information-gathering instruments; others just want to know what you will develop and who will develop it. Data collection doesn’t happen in isolation; it is part of the process of delivering a service. If your staff is busy working with clients, they don’t have much time to gather 10,000 bits of data. However, data collection

New Pedestrianism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Pedestrianism - Research Paper Example The new urbanism approach’s ability to attain these goals of sustainability at the same time is its greatest strength. New Urbanism and its Principles For a long time, urban sprawl that is dependent on cars has been criticized due to its contribution to social isolation, degradation of the environment, and long term financial un-sustainability. Architects, beginning in the early 80s, started to fight this sprawl through new urbanism with significant developments coming up alongside the concept’s principles3. These neighborhoods started to take on a European and pre-war urban model, often resembling typical small towns or earlier inner city neighborhoods. For this reason, these neighborhoods are usually referred to as TNDs, or traditional neighborhood developments. These neighborhoods are built on several fundamental planning principles. The first fundamental planning principle of new urbanism is mixing of uses with institutional, civic, and commercial spaces located in community corridors, as well as centers, which are surrounded by close-by housing that provides service and job access sans use of cars4. This normally takes on the form of a town square or main street. The second fundamental planning principle is diversity. Urban sprawl can lead to separation of the populace by the level of their income. New urbanism seeks to provide for various housing in one area that range from high to low cost5. It is possible to accomplish this through townhouses, detached one-family homes, and mixed apartments in one neighborhood. This also promotes affordable housing inclusion. The third fundamental principle of new urbanism is that it should encourage walking6. This comes with increased benefits to the community and environment, while also creating supportive social networks through daily interactions with fellow local acquaintances and neighbors. The concept encourages those living in these neighborhoods to walk through a mixing of uses, while also making sure that there are plentiful and wide sidewalks with well designed streetscape, minimization of curb cuts, and compact blocks. Mass transit and bicycling connect pedestrians with other areas within the larger urban region and are, thus, important as well. The fourth fundamental planning principle of new urbanism is definition of public space7. Streets are normally considered as space that is vital for public life and are important for the occurrence of daily interactions of the community. To make the area attractive, landscaping, lighting, and materials must be detailed carefully. New urbanism also holds public squares and parks in high esteem. The fifth and final fundamental planning principle of new urbanism is complimentary architecture8. Public space is defined by the private property facades that abut it and new urbanism takes into account the importance of a street wall that is strongly defined by close-up and attractive buildings that offer spaces and services. Houses in tra ditional neighborhood developments are normally close to the streets, while they are built on lines in downtown areas. Because of the importance of public interaction in new urbanism, front porches are a common feature. Majority of traditional neigh

Bussiness Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bussiness Accounting - Assignment Example All users will have access to the published accounts of a business such as the accounts filed with the registrar of companies by a limited company. The value of any interpretation of company accounts is restricted by the deficiencies of the accounts themselves as a tool for decision making. Published accounts present a very limited amount of data i.e. depending upon which profit format under the 1985 companies account is chosen a limited company may not disclose cost-of-sales. Another problem that arises in the use of published accounts is that the reporting entity may not be the business unit that the user is concerned with i.e. if a company is engaged in several types of activity then an employee in one particular section of the business unit will not be able assess the employee prospects in that particular part of the business by reference to the published account of the company as a whole. b. Assets consumed are recorded as expenses in the profit statement as historical cost although the cost of replacement will be higher. Therefore it is argued that the profit figure is over-stated in terms of real increase in value obtained by businesses. d. c. Assets shown in the balance sheet are recorded as historical cost although as a result of price level changes, though their current value may be substantially higher d. The contents of published financial statements are largely prescribed by the companies acts(supplemented by SSAPs and FRSs ) most organizations treat the companies act as the maximum disclosure requirement and do not give much information to outsider on the grounds of confidentiality and maintaining competitive advantage. e. Published accounts look backwards usually into the past year ,so they are of limitedvalue to people who want to estimate future performance. The current drawbacks deriving information from Current system of published accounts are: a. A lack of sufficient conceptual framework where results are shown in arguably over-complex rules and processes and ultimately in a failure to meet the need of those who are using the accounts. b. Information overload is potentially as much a problem as is sufficient information the complexity of the accounting principles also contribute toteh uncertainty and lack of information by users. c. A continuing problem is the historical focus of accounting which reduces the relevance for users who are most likely to be interested in the future prospects of the company. Solutions to the problem of gathering reliable information from published accounts for financial users: Though the traditional legal model is arguably the more conservative and gives primacy to shareholders'. The current accounting standards debates indicates that at-least recognition of other group interests. A broad range of potential information users gives rise to several questions relevant to a disclosure regime. It is appropriate to

Trurl’s Machine Essay Example for Free

Trurl’s Machine Essay As a boy Stanislaw Lem showed an early interest in science as well as in the imaginary worlds of fantasy and science fiction. The young Lem’s interest in tinkering mechanical devices of all sorts was put to use by secretly damaging the German vehicles during the Nazi occupation. Later on, he became a full time writer establishing himself as leading science fiction writer in Eastern Europe. This writer from Lvov Poland (now Ukraine) worked on serious themes as the purpose of life and relationship between human beings and technology. Once upon a time Trurl, a constructor built an eight-story thinking machine. As always, he asks it a ritual question of how much is two plus two. Every time he asks this question the machine always says seven that make him so disappointed. He collapsed in despair at the foot of the machine, and sat there until Klapaucius found him. Klapaucius asked what was wrong, for Trurl looked as if he had just returned from a funeral. Trurl explained what happened and Klapaucius said that there still a good side to everything. Trul keeps on kicking the machine until he is warned by it; they notice that aside from being stupid it is also sensitive. Instead of stopping what he is doing, Trul keeps what he is doing, that’s why the machine shuttered, shook and without any word lift itself from its foundations. The machine was swaying like a high tower, advancing slowly; at every step sinking to is second floor, but stubbornly doggedly pulling itself out of the sand and heading straight for them. This left broken concretes behind. They ran straight and soon saw houses before them. The streets were practically deserted at this time and the construction had gone a good distance without meeting living soul, when suddenly an awful crash, like an avalanche at the edge of the town, indicated that the machine was coming after them. The machine is tearing down all the houses! It is plowing all the building. There are dreadful screams, confusions in the streets. The mayor pleased the machine to stop what it is doing and the machine said that it will only stop if they give up Trurl. The mayor pleases the machine to have mercy on them. The mayor said that the damage made by Trurl’s machine will be answered by Trurl. Trurl and Klapaucius went to the machine and escaped by going in the cave but the machine has closed the cave with the rock. They are trapped. They talk to the machine and say that all of its answer is correct that two plus two is seven. They ask if they can go now but the machine said that it will think about it, but first they need to answer what is two times two. Trul fell into a rage, and he said that two and two is four, from the beginning till the end it is four. The machine had begun to ram its eight-story hulk again and again into the wall of stone, hurling itself against the mountain side until huge boulders broke away and went tumbling down into the valley. Thunder and sulfurous fumes filled the cave and sparks flew from the blows of steel on rock, yet through all this pandemonium one could still make out, now and then, the ragged voice of Trurl. They heard an explosion and saw the machine, lay smashed and flattened, nearly broken in half by an enormous boulder that had landed in the middle of its eight floors. With the greatest care they picked their way down through the smoking rubble. In order to reach the riverbed, it was necessary to pass the remains of the machine. Without a word, the two stopped together in the shadow of its twisted hull. The machine still quivered slightly, and one could turning, creaking feebly, within. Yes this is bad enough you’ve come to, and two and two is—as it always was—â€Å" began Trul, but you just then the machine faint, barely audible croaking noise and said for the last time, â€Å"seven. † Then something snapped inside, a few stones dribbled down from overhead, now before them lay nothing but lifeless mass of scrap. The two constructors exchanged a look and silently, without any further comment or conversation, walked back the way they came.

Significance of Sustainable Agriculture

Significance of Sustainable Agriculture Ahmad Fitri Bin Jamaludin Table of Contents (Jump to) CHAPTER 1: Introduction CHAPTER 2: Roles of Sustainable Agriculture Economy Roles Social Responsibility Research for Sustainable Agriculture Future CHAPTER 3: Importance of Sustainable Agriculture Future Predictions Environmental Factors Scarcity of Land Profit Factors Rural Economies CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION CHAPTER 5: REFERENCES CHAPTER 1:  Introduction Sustainable agriculture is the production of agricultural goods, necessary to satisfy the needs of present and future generations, in order to protect the components of natural factors, like water, air and soil. Technologies and production approaches that meet ecological environmental development requirements is being used for sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agricultural requires the prevention of ecological crises, like major accidents, with strong negative impact on the environment. Source: http://www.saiplatform.org/sustainable-agriculture/definition In the diagram, we can see that economy, environment and society play a major role to achieve sustainable agriculture. Environmental problems happen on big geographic areas, starting with the local level, on-going with the regional and ending on a global level. The global level prevents environmental issues from getting resolved and needs other global approaches. Globalization is an objective developing process of contemporary world that has a great potential for making the world better. The key causes of globalization are represented by two processes which are technological and political. The technological process consists in a strong and rapid development of communications and transport. The means of communication allow people to connect and interact on large geographical areas. The vehicles let people to move and interact in a short time over long distances. Political processes have made national borders easier to pass or disappear by creating international organizations. Environmental issues are related to contemporary social economic development. The main socio-economic issues to be addressed are combating poverty, changing consumption and production structures, demographic dynamics, environmental and human health protection. The survival of the society as a whole is influenced by individual behaviour and the behaviour of various communities. CHAPTER 2:  Roles of Sustainable Agriculture Economy Roles A farm must be economically viable in order to be truly sustainable. The environmental and social advantages of sustainable production methods do not always interpret into immediate economic improvements. Hence, sustainable agriculture practices can have a positive economic impression on a farm. For example, diversifying the farm with several crops and markets helps to reduce financial risk. Over time, improved soil and water quality, as well as other environmental benefits from sustainable practices, may raise the value of the farm. Selling products directly to local markets in the community reduces shipping and fuel costs and can potentially decrease transportation costs. While sustainably grown produce may not bring the full price premiums sometimes paid for certified organic products, growers selling directly to individuals and specialty markets can still capture added value. Production costs can be variously affected by sustainable methods. Fertilizer and pesticide costs are gen erally reduced on a sustainably managed farm because, for example, legumes and crop rotations tend to be less expensive than their synthetic alternatives. Labour costs are often higher than conventional systems. The higher labour costs are most often attributed to the increased time required for monitoring and managing pests on sustainable farms. Planting material costs can be lower for growers saving their own seed or producing their own stock. However, those using organic planting material often pay more for seed or other planting material. Machinery costs (purchase, fuel, and repairs) will vary depending on the specific type of sustainable production system. Conservation tillage systems and reduced pesticide applications can cut costs related to machinery use and fuel costs. On the other hand, certain systems, such as ridge tillage, can require specialized equipment. Fuel and machinery costs can increase as a result of moving bulky materials, such as organic matter, for soil improvement purposes. The result is that some farms that utilize sustainable agriculture practices may be more profitable than their conventional farming counterparts, although the reverse can also be true. In addition to crop production methods, many other factors can affect the bottom line, including management, marketing skills, and experience. Social Responsibility Social sustainability relates to the quality of life for those who work and live on the farm, as well as those in the local community. Fair treatment of workers, positive farm family relationships, personal interactions with consumers, and choosing to purchase supplies locally (rather than from a more distant market) are just some of the aspects considered in social sustainability. Community supported agriculture (CSA), farmers markets, U-pick, cooperatives, and on-farm events are just some of the ways a sustainable farm can have a positive impact on the local community. In essence, the farm supports the community and the community supports the farm. According to ATTRA (2003), there are few actions need to be done in order to achieve the social sustainability which resulting the sustainable agriculture. First, the farm should support other businesses and families in community. The money should just circulate within local economy. Young people should take over their parents’ farms and continue farming. Research for Sustainable Agriculture Future Sustainable agriculture represents for farmers and rural communities, federal investments in research, education, and extension geared for sustainable agricultural systems have been woefully inadequate. National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition(NSAC) recognizes that without sufficient resources for relevant research, education, and extension, farmers and ranchers will be unable to access new and emerging innovations, information and markets that will help them expand their businesses, conserve natural resources, and address food and nutrition needs in their communities. Throughout 2013, NSAC worked to increase federal resources and funding for sustainable agriculture research, education, and extension in recognition of the critical importance that research plays in ensuring success and innovation across all sectors of agriculture (NSAC, 2013). In 2013, NSAC continued its efforts to secure increased funding and support for critical agriculture research programs, like the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (SARE). SARE, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s flagship program for sustainable agriculture, recently celebrated its 25th anniversary, thanks in large part to NSAC’s continued advocacy over the years. NSAC also fought to restore and increase funding for critical research programs that are currently â€Å"stranded† due to the farm bill expiration last fall, including those programs that support research on organic production, specialty crops, and beginning farmer and ranchers, such as the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Program and the Beginning Farmers and Ranchers Development Program. The Organic Production and Marketing Data Initiatives program (ODI) is a valuable resource that provides policymakers, organic farmers, and organic businesses the data they need to make sound policy, business, and marketing decisions. This year, NSAC continued to advocate for this important annual funding stream, especially as USDA gears up to release its next comprehensive Census of Agriculture in 2014 and follow up survey of organic producers. NSAC also successfully secured a coveted spot on USDA’s National Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) Advisory Committee, which sets priorities and provides recommendations for future federal data collection efforts through the Department of Agriculture. By having a seat at the table, NSAC will more effectively be able to highlight the critical importance of collecting reliable data for sustainable producers including organic farmers and those growing for local and regional markets. CHAPTER 3:  Importance of Sustainable Agriculture There is a lot of importance of sustainable agriculture. The main significance is to make sure that the agriculture on supplying goods, food, water, air and soil satisfy the need of present and future. Future Predictions Source: Crop Breeding for Low Input Agriculture: A sustainable Response to feed a Growing Population Growth Figure above show the world population is increasing and the availability of resources statistic and prediction. It summarize that the number of resources going to decrease as the population increase. In order to stabilize the output of crops and goods, the sustainable agriculture has to be done. Environmental Factors Environmental concerns are vital to sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is frequently described as ecologically sound practices that have little to no adverse effect on natural ecosystems. However, more than that, sustainable agriculture also seeks to have a positive impact on natural resources and wildlife. This can often mean taking measures to reverse the damage. For example, soil erosion or draining of wetlands that have already occurred through harmful agricultural practices. Renewable natural resources are protected, recycled, and even replaced in sustainable systems. Also inherent to sustainable agriculture environmental concerns is the stewardship of non-renewable resources, such as fossil fuels. A key to successful sustainable production is healthy soil, with a central tenet that management practices â€Å"feed the soil and the soil feeds the crop.† Ecologically, this means that soil fertility is provided by adequate soil organic matter and biologically based inputs that feed soil organisms, which release nutrients to plants. Sustainable methods of enhancing soil fertility and improving soil health include: using nitrogen-fixing legumes, green manure, and animal manure; minimizing or eliminating tillage; and maintaining year round soil cover. However, depending on the condition of the soil, establishing healthy soils may take several years. This approach does not preclude the use of synthetic fertilizer that can be used to supplement natural inputs. However, fertilizer decisions are based upon soil test results and are applied on as needed basis. Synthetic chemicals known to harm soil organisms and soil structure must be avoided in sustainable agriculture. Source: Sustainable Agriculture (John, Robert, James, 1990) Combination of crops, or of crops and livestock, make farms more sustainable by maintaining soil productivity and by reducing a farms reliance on a single crop. On the farm shown above, the parallel strips of land have been planted on the contour of the terrain with oats (yellow) or corn or alfalfa (both green). Within each strip, crops rotate on a four-year cycle: corn (a one-year crop) is replaced by oats (another one-year crop), which is then replaced by alfalfa (a two-year crop). Such rotations improve the control of weeds, insects and diseases; they also improve the efficiency of nutrient cycling. Contour strip-cropping greatly reduces soil erosion. Other sustainable concepts include maximizing diversity through planned crop rotations, intercropping, and companion planting; protecting water quality; composting; year round soil cover; integrating crop and animal production; soil conservation practices; and attracting beneficial wildlife (Mark,Krista,Matt, 2012). A few traditional agricultural practices, such as moldboard plowing, are in conflict with sustainability since they can result in damage to soil structure. Rather, tillage practices should be appropriately timed, using implements that minimize damage to soil structure to the greatest extent possible. Insects, diseases, and weeds are managed, rather than controlled, in sustainable systems. The goal is not necessarily the complete elimination of a pest, but rather to manage pests and diseases to keep crop damage within acceptable economic levels. Sustainable pest management practices emphasize prevention through good production and cultural methods. Some strategies include: using crop rotations that will disrupt the pest life cycle, improving soil quality, practicing good sanitation, using optimum planting densities, timing planting and transplanting operations to avoid high pest populations, employing biological control, and growing resistant varieties. Monitoring pests through frequent crop inspections and accurate identification are essential to keeping ahead of potential problems. Integrated Pest Management techniques can be incorporated into a sustainable program. These may include scouting, targeting pesticide applications, and the use of biological pest controls. Pesticides are seen as a last resort when using IPM methods, and are chosen for their low toxicity, specificity to the pest, and lack of persistence in the soil. Achieving a healthy, balanced ecosystem takes time. Making the transition to sustainable farming is a process that generally requires moving forward step-by-step. While there are common goals that are critical to sustainable agriculture, there is no single approach that will guarantee sustainable success on every farm. The methods for accomplishing those goals must be tailored to the individual farm. Scarcity of Land Land is one of the resources that going to deplete across with the world population. There are some 5 billion hectares of land presently available for the global food supply: 1.5 billion hectares of farmland and permanent crops as well as 3.5 billion hectares of grassland, grazing land and extensively used steppe (Warner, 2008). Of this land, 1.9 billion hectares have already been degraded to a greater or lesser extent due to intensive and improper use (IAASTD, 2008). According to figures from the UN convention on desertification, 80 per cent of the agricultural land has been damaged by erosion to a moderate to considerable degree (David, 1995). Ten million hectares are lost to erosion every year. That is ten times the amount of arable land in Switzerland. And even in the developing world, expanding settlements are increasingly devouring farmland. All told, the rate of annual loss of farmland is 1.3 per cent (David, 2005). The need to stop the loss of farmland is urgent. This includes regenerating depleted soils so they can be uses in the future with sustainable production methods. Compost has a key role to play here. Profit Factors Source: Sustainable Agriculture (John, Robert, James, 1990) Profits from sustainable farms can exceed those of conventional farms, according to Steven L. Kraten, formerly of Washington State University. The cash incomes per acre for the two types of farms were comparable over two years, but because the input costs of sustainable agriculture are lower, its net returns are 22.4 percent higher. Variable costs include those for fuel, machinery maintenance, seed, fertilizer, pesticide and labor. Among the fixed costs are property taxes and interest on loans. The sustainable agriculture has proved since 90s that it will give more profit compared to conventional sustainable. Rural Economies Among the unseen costs of industrial food production are its effects on small family farms and rural communities, which include the loss of nearly four million farms in the United States since the 1930s (Gorelick, 2012). Sustainable farms cater local economies by providing jobs for members of the community and purchasing supplies from local businesses. A study by University of Minnesota showed that small farms with gross incomes of $100,000 or less made almost 95 percent of farm-related expenditures within their local communities (Chism, 1994). Research has shown that small-locally owned farms have a multiplier effect for every cent the farm spends, a percentage remains in the local economy, contributing to the community’s economic health (Swenson, 2009). Factory farms hire as few workers as possible and often purchase supplies, equipment and animal feed from the same agricultural conglomerates that purchase their products (Weida, 2004). The University of Minnesota found that large farms with gross incomes greater than $900,000 made less than 20 percent of farm related expenditures locally(Chism,1994) Industrial farms often have absentee owners whose profits are sent out of town. CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION In conclusion, the sustainable agriculture helps society, environment as well as economic in positive way. CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES ATTRA. 2003: Applying the Principles of Sustainable Farming http://www.clemson.edu/sustainableag/IP107_Applying_Sust_Farming.pdf NSAC. 2013, Annual Report 2013 John P. Reganold, Robert I. Papendick and James F. Parr. 1990: Sustainable Agriculture, 9-10. Mark Keating, Krista Jacobse, Matt Barton. 2012: University Kentucky: Sustainable Agriculture Werner Harder, BLW, BAFU magazine Umwelt 2/2008 International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development IAASTD, Global Summary for Decision Makers, 2008, www.agassessment.org. David Pimentel et al., Environmental and Economic Costs of Soil Erosion and Conservation Benefits, Science, vol. 267, 24/2/1995 World Population, Agriculture, and Malnutrition − David Pimentel and Anne Wilson; Published on 1 Jan 2005 by WorldWatch / Constructive Creativity Gorelick, S., Norberg-Hodge, H. (2002). Bringing the food economy home.International Society for Ecology Culture. Retrieved August 28, 2012. Chism, J. W., Levins, R. A. (1994). Farm spending and local selling: How do they match up?Minnesota Agricultural Economist, 676. Swenson, D. (2009). Economic impact of a diversified small farming operation in Woodbury county. Department of Economics, Iowa State University. Weida, W. J. (2004). Considering the rationales for factory farming. Environmental Health Impacts of CAFOs: Anticipating Hazards Searching for Solutions. Retrieved August 23, 2012

Essay --

Extraction of iron to steel The Earth is mined to obtain the rocks that containing iron ore. Then the iron ore was transferred to factory to be extracted. In order to get the iron, we have to extract them from the iron ore. Heamatite (Fe2O3) and Magnetite (Fe3O4) are two common iron ores that usually used. In this assignment, we will use the equation of heamatite. Figure shows a Blast furnace Taken form : http://www.chimicamo.org/chimica-generale/ferro-produzione.html The iron ore, limestone and coke are burn together inside the furnace. The hot air that goes inside the furnace from the bottom is heated up by the heat that escape from the top. This process is to ensure that heat are not wasted because heat is a essential in this process. The coke, (fuel with few impurities and highly carbon content, usually made of coal –Wikipedia) which burns in the blast of hot air gives out carbon dioxide under an extreme exothermic reaction, is the main source of heat in the process. ( C + O2 = CO2) At bottom where high temperature is, carbon will react with carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is the main source of reducing agent. ( C + CO2 = 2CO) The carbon monoxide will react with iron ore, haematite to form iron and carbon monoxide. ( Fe2O3 + 3CO = Fe2 + 3CO2) In hotter part of the furnace, carbon itself can be a reducing agent but the product is carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide. (Fe2O3 + 3C = Fe2 + 3CO) The iron that results from the process is molten due to the high temperature at the bottom of the furnace. They will tapped off from the furnace at the bottom. Iron ore does contain impurities. The limestone that are added together with iron ore and coke is used to eliminate the impurities because they... ...gulation should be done regularly by the officers. Any factory that does not follow the regulation should be given a notice to shut down its operation within 24 hours until the solution to the pollution problem have been taken. The factory should be sued due to their mistake. This will educate other factory to take care the environment. By doing so, we could minimize the water pollution and save aquatic life. Clean water source also will be guaranteed safe if there is not pollution. Those are three action that the government should take in order to prevent more pollution caused by the iron industry. There are more suggestion that government can take, but it does not change anything if government itself does not take any action. Our government should take action now so that future generation does not blame us due to the pollution that they may encounter in future.

JOHN COLLINS WARREN (August 1, 1778- May 4, 1856) :: Essays Papers

JOHN COLLINS WARREN (August 1, 1778- May 4, 1856) Synapsis The scientific community experienced several advancements from the late 18th century through the mid-19th century. This time period is of primary focus to illustrate the era in which a well accomplished anatomist left an astonishing, but often overlooked, mark in history. John Collins Warren, a skillful surgeon and fine anatomist, influenced and helped re-shape world wide views with his work on comparative anatomy titled Comparative View of the Sensorial and Nervous Systems in Men and Animals. A look into his life, accomplishments, and the time period itself will allow a thorough understanding of the importance and impact left by this work; a work previously unviewed by the internet community. John Collins Warren, born August 1, 1778, was a native of Massachusetts. Warren’s earliest influence, his father, was active in the medical community as both a doctor and surgeon. Warren’s father was such a great influence that young Warren himself decided to pursue a medical career. Warren chose a medical career, coercion free, feeling it would be most beneficial (E. Warren 21). Warren showed early on that his life was full of commitment and willfulness; he readily applied these traits towards his own education. At the time Warren began his studies there was no hospital in Boston and after one year of American schooling, he ventured to Europe to continue his studies. Around the beginning of the 19th century, voyages overseas were not easily accomplished; Warren’s voyage lasted twenty-four days and confirmed his sense of dedication. While in Europe, Warren studied in both London and Paris. Studying overseas was, as Warren himself had predicted, very beneficial. It enabled him to establish life-long relationships with influential members of the scientific community. With help from others, Warren was able to attend lectures by the most prominent scientists in Europe. Several of Warren’s journal entries from Europe speak of lectures by well-established scientists Vauqelin and Hope (E. Warren 57). After spending a sufficient amount of time in Europe, Warren felt he was well-learned and returned to America to advance his career in medicine. Upon returning to America, Warren continued his studies at Harvard and Cambridge and was forced to embrace what seemed like a whole different world.

Cultural Backgrounds of Frank and Rita Essay example -- Educating Rita

Cultural Backgrounds of Frank and Rita Through close analysis of three or four scenes from different parts of the play, show how Willy Russell brings out the cultural backgrounds of Frank and Rita in Educating Rita. Comment on how Frank and Rita's attitudes to culture change in the play. Through close analysis of three or four scenes from different parts of the play, show how Willy Russell brings out the cultural backgrounds of Frank and Rita in "Educating Rita". Comment on how Frank and Rita's attitudes to culture change in the play In carrying out the objectives we have been given to write this coursework, as outlined in the title, we must evaluate the themes and dramatic techniques used and if we believed they were adequate. We must compare the book to the film and what advantages and disadvantages either medium presents.Culture has a tremendous impact on the feelings and opinions they have, and it is therefore justified that I shall be analysing the relevance of culture in the book and film. I have opted to do four scenes from the play. These being Act One Scene Two, Act Two Scene One, and Act Two Scene Seven. I chose scene two out of Act one because we learn a great deal about Rita's school life, skills as a writer, her curiousity, her colloquial language, dialect and of her limited vocabulary, not forgetting Frank's reactions to these, many of which are priceless. In Act Two Scene One, Rita returns from Summer School, and this has a noticeable impression on her. We also hear how Frank has been while she has been away, giving further insight into Frank's curren state. Act two scene four is one of great importance. Frank and Rita begin to grow more hostile towards one another - ev... ...delve into the story as deeply as they want to go and still receive the same sintilation from his work. At the end of the scene, Frank tells Rita that they are to work on the poet Blake, and Rita tells him that she has already done him and begins to flaunt about her expertise on Frank saying, "you don't do Blake without covering the songs of innocence and experience do y'?". This is an exceedingly conceited remark to make and quite an inconsiderate thing to say to a man like Frank with an obvious inferiority complex. The early Rita would not have made such an insensitive comment. This scene was not done very differently in the film to the book. This scene, however, was filmed in the park, which i felt was very effective as a change in Frank becuase in the earlier chapters, he claims he has an aversion to light, which shows a change in his opinions.

Canada: The Best Place to Live In

Constantly rated by the United Nations (UN) as the best country to live in, Canada is said to be the second biggest country in the world and is very rich in natural resources and about quarter of a million chooses to enter Canada as new Permanent Residents (â€Å"Why Canada? †). Canada is also considered to be the best placed to move to if one wants to be a survivor of climate change in the decades ahead. This was the result of a study made by Maplecroft, a British consultancy which specializes in mapping risks.Among the 168 countries mapped in the Climate Change Risk Report of Maplecroft, Canada topped the list with a vulnerability score of 8.81, with 10 being the highest and 1, the lowest (McCarthy). Since Canada is my place of residence, it would be interesting to study why it is constantly rated by UN and other ranking authorities as the best country to live in. Introduction Since the Maple Leaf flag was adopted in 1965, Canada grew rapidly as a natural resource-based econ omy. However, in the 1970s there was major upheaval in Quebec when the separatist movement took on a violent nature, but in 1980 a referendum showed the majority of Quebecois were against indepen ¬dence.The eighties were characterised by constitutional issues. Canada's constitution (the BNA Act) was an act of the British Parliament and, as an independent country; Canada wanted to ‘bring home' the constitution. In 1982, parts of the BNA Act were changed and it became a Canadian act: The Constitution Act. Included in it is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Quebec is the only province that did not sign the new constitution and two subsequent attempts to bring it in, the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord, failed.In 1995 another Quebec refer ¬endum on independence took place and the ‘no' side (against independence) won by a very narrow margin. (â€Å"Historical Framework of Canada†) Canada became increasingly linked to the political economy of the U. S through various treaty agreements and trade arrangements like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Most of Canada’s trades were with the U. S. While American businesses expanded their investments in the Canadian economy, foreign corporations (mostly U. S. companies) owned most of the nation's petroleum and discouraged Canadian-controlled research and development projects.This resulted in Canada's exclusion from the microchip computer revolution that transformed American technology and industries in those periods. Although some Canadian policy makers soon complained of the growing dependence of the Canadian economy on foreign companies, the pattern persisted and placed Canada in an increasingly precarious position in the world market. When the Middle Eastern oil crisis struck Western countries in the 1970s and 1980s, the Canadian economy was particularly hard hit. Despite heavy dependence on the U. S. for economic development and defense, Canada experie nced unprecedented economic growth and prosperity.Production and consumption rose, as the nation's population not only increased but continued to urbanize, and then suburbanize, in growing numbers. A variety of forces fueled the development of Canadian cities, suburbs, and consumer culture: the baby boom, relatively low rates of unemployment, and an overall rise in the standard of living. Yet, as in earlier eras, the country's prosperity was unequally distributed. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, Canada was also attracting increasing numbers of new immigrants from Europe (especially Italy), Africa, Asia, and the Americas (Stearns).Canada, like most other major economies, faces a challenging economic environment over the next couple of years. A Senior Economist from the State Street Global Advisors wrote that: †The multiple and cascading shocks associated with skyrocketing commodity prices, alarmingly stressed and volatile financial markets (associated in part with a still gr owing â€Å"subprime† credit crisis), and persisting global imbalances are creating a disconcertingly murky outlook that seems to offer few good policy options to central bankers and other economic policymakers.However, the Canadian economy has demonstrated an impressive resilience to economic shocks such as the dramatic appreciation of the Loonie over the last half-decade. This proven resilience keeps us optimistic that although the economy has stumbled, it won't be down for long and indeed may well end up outperforming the other major advanced economies over the medium term. † Developmental IndicatorsThe Human Development Index (HDI) provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and enrolment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level) and having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income). It basically provides â€Å"a broadened prism for viewing human progress and the complex relationship between income and well-being. † Under the 2007/2008 Human Development Report, the HDI for Canada was 0.961, which gave the country a rank of 4th out of 177 countries. (â€Å"Canada: The Human Development Index – going beyond income†) The State of World Liberty Index is a ranking of countries according to the degree of economic and personal freedoms which their citizens enjoy; each country is given a score between 0 and 100. The Index defines freedom as â€Å"the ability for the individual to live their lives as they choose, as long as they do not infringe on the rights of others to do the same. † In the 2006 State of World Liberty Index, Canada ranked 3rd out of 159 countries (â€Å"The 2006 State of World Liberty Index†).The annual Transparency International (TI) Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), first released in 1995, is the best known of TI’s tool s. It has been widely credited for putting TI and the issue of corruption on the international policy agenda. The CPI ranks more than 150 countries in terms of perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys. Under the 2008, Corruption Perceptions Index, Canada ranked 9th out of 180 countries (â€Å"Corruption Perceptions Index 2008†)The Index of Economic Freedom is a series of 10 economic measurements created by the Wall Steet Journal and the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank. Its stated objective is to measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations. In the 2008 Index of Economic Freedom, Canada ranked 7th out 157 countries (â€Å"The Index of Economic Freedom†) The Press Freedom Index (PFI) is an annual ranking of countries conducted by the Reporters Without Borders Worlwide (RWB), which provides an assessment of press freedom in countries. Out of 169 countries, Canada ranked 18th in terms of Press F reedom Index.Discussion Based on the development indices that were taken into consideration, it would appear that the assessment of Canada’s development has been quite consistent with its image of being one of the highest ranked developed countries in the world today. Although there may be some slight variations in the degrees of Canadian â€Å"freedom† as shown by the State of World Liberty Index and Index of Economic Freedom, it would still be safe to say that the two (2) â€Å"freedom† indices are a fairly accurate assessment of Canada’s degrees of freedom in terms of civil liberties and economic freedom.The Press Freedom Index though shows quite a different story that is worth reconsidering. Why would a highly civilized and democratic country like Canada rank 18th among the countries assessed? Does this mean that the Canadian government may have been curtailing press freedom despite its significantly high performance in terms of providing human develo pment services to its citizens? One would just wonder how a highly evolving human development society like Canada would only rank 18th in terms of the Press Freedom Index.Canada has been consistently ranking one of the highest if not the highest in the Human Development Index and among the development indices earlier cited; it is the HDI that accurately measures human welfare and development in Canada and it goes beyond income as a measure of economic welfare. Furthermore, among the composite indices, the HDI is the most widely recognized in the world as it is being administered by no less than the United Nations itself. ConclusionAfter carefully examining the recent historical trends and development indices outlined above, it is still safe to conclude that Canada is indeed the â€Å"best place to live in. † and that the Human Development Index strongly demonstrates this observation. On top of this, Canada shows a relatively outstanding governance environment as shown by its high score in Corruption Perceptions Index. Furthermore, Canada has a free and unencumbered economy where its citizens can enjoy the fruits of their labor without any fear of political repression.Despite the challenges being posed by the impending global economic crisis, the development fundamentals of Canada are indeed looking healthier and could sustain the economic pressures from a highly globalized environment. Canada is a nation that is very rich in natural resources and with its continued demonstration of world-class human development standards; it can certainly look forward to an enviable development in the future. However, Canada, as a nation must not rest on its development â€Å"laurels† so to speak. It must strive some more for a more equitable distribution of weath.

Csp Reflection Essay

a) Identify your agency and briefly discuss the history, goals and objectives. The name of my agency is Maldon Primary School. Maldon Primary is a rural school located in the community of Maldon in the parish of St. James. It was established in January 1935 and named after a white land owner named John Maldon. The first principal was Mr. Morrison and the current principal (acting) is Mrs. Kennedy. The Ministry of Education 2008-1009 School Profile Statistics, shows an enrollment of 374 and a percentage attendance of 88%. However, current records reveal a student enrollment of 330 which includes 151 boys and 182 girls and an attendance rate of 85-90%. The total staff population is 15, consisting of 13 teachers including acting principal and the guidance counselor and 3 ancillary staff. Mission Statement- â€Å"to provide a system which secures quality education for all students within our school community and fasters the holistic development of each child.† a) Bearing the Vision 2030 goal you selected in reflection 1 in mind, identify a set of objectives you aim to fulfill in your assignment at your agency. The following are objectives I aim to fulfill at my agency: 1) To gain experience so that when I venture into the working world I will know what to expect. 2) For my community service I am teaching grade 3 therefore, my objective is to help educate the students which will contribute to the passing of the Grade 3 Diagnostic Test. b) Discuss the specific steps you will take to accomplish those objectives. To accomplish my objectives I would: 1. Make sure that I am always on time 2. Always be ready to jump at any given task. 3. Try to always be available to the students and to answer their questions as clearly as possible. 4. Use my time efficiently and effectively, not to spend more or limited time with one student, i.e. treat them fairly but if a student is slow I would help him/her to catch up with the other students

Management organisational behaviour

Question: Goal-setting Is widely used In management practice, but is goal-setting all pros and no cons? Discuss both the benefits and the possible downside, or â€Å"darkled† of goal- setting. Introduction Introduce the topic and briefly describe what goal setting is in your own words. Define how we're going to apply goal-setting in the context of an organization Briefly discuss the pros and cons of goal-setting Discuss my point of view- what are the most efficient methods of goal-settings and how can they be applied to an organization or an Individual. Paragraph 1 (What is goal setting? In detail, explain what goal-setting is and define Edwin A.Locker's Goal-setting theory Discuss what factors influence goal setting (E. G Specific, realistic goals work best) Evaluate on how organizations and individuals apply goal-settings Paragraph 2 ( why do we use It? ) Motivation Help you to visualize and plan actions to achieve what you want then carry it out Paragraph 3 (Benefits/Pros) Begin the paragraph with how goal-setting is beneficial as a topic sentence Create a list of key benefits that can be applied to organizations and individuals Gives a path o you know exactly where you are going and what you need to do to get there without procrastinating.Timeliness that consists of smaller milestones, so that it makes the larger goal seem more achievable Set milestones will force you to set prolepses, hence preventing you from getting distracted Organization Goals could be achieved faster and more effectively when it is being broken down into smaller goals and collaborated in a team Obtaining smaller and more frequent milestones will give a sense of achievement that motivates the organization When an organization is working with a client smaller goals allows the client to be always aware of the organizations progress towards the final goal providing a sense of security Individuals Makes you aware of your own strengths and weaknesses Keeps you focused Makes you respo nsible for your own success or failures Improve your self-image Limits your stress Paragraph 4 ( Negatives ) Begin the paragraph with discussing the downsides of goal-setting Create a list of key downsides that can be implied to organizations and individuals Creates a fear of losing ( being criticized) High speed performance may trigger inaccuracy, and lack of details when reaching the final goal.Higher accuracy could be acquired but it happens at a much slower rate, due to focus on improving quality. Organization in goals. Method of achieving that milestone may be different for each individual when it is crucial to work diligently as a team Individual Intense amount of workload may denominate a person into procrastinating once he or she believes that their goal can never be achieved until its deadline (exhaustion) Competition may be used as a catalyst to speed up the rate of achievement, but it ay result in hindered goal accomplishment. Shortage of time may lead workers to apply un systematic methods, being unable to obtain goals ethically or effectively. Paragraph 5 (So how do we use Goal-setting to its maximum capacity? Briefly explain how goal setting is commonly used within organizations Give examples of real life goal orientated organizations and individuals Carefully design timeliness back up plans Paragraph 6 (conclusion) Reintroduce the topic question Summaries each paragraphs What is goal setting? Why do we use goal setting Benefits and downsides How do we use goal setting to its maximum capacity Diaries Plan Week 4 – Starting 18th August Research and collect any available articles about goal-setting using cholesterol, encroach, protest, then start reading Gather brief information on each articles Start writing down basic format of assignment 1 learn how to reference using Harvard or PAPA style referencing Start writing up assignment 1 Week 5 – Starting 25th August Finish with assignment 1 Assignment 1 due on 27th of August Complete full /detailed research from collected resources Week 6 – Starting 3rd SeptemberCollect information for first and second paragraph with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – What is Goal-setting? , and why do we use it Have a basic format of how the introduction and second paragraphs will be written Final write up will be conducted later on after collecting all the necessary information Week 7 – Starting 9th September Collect information for paragraph 3 and 4 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – Benefits and Downsides Have a basic format/written guide of how the third and fourth paragraphs will be written Week 8 – Starting 16th September Collect information for paragraph 5 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – How do we use it to maximize its use?Have a basic format/written guide of how the fifth paragraph will be written Start assignment 2 Complete all of the body paragraphs up to the conclusion Start and complete the conclusion Start an d complete the referencing Allow peer review for independent perspectives or for checking grammatical errors Study Break – Starting 1st October Final proof reading of assignment 2 by yourself week 10 – ASSIGNMENT TWO DUE on 7th October Hand in essay via Nipping website before 4:pm Annotated bibliography Lethal, GAP 2004, ‘The motivational benefits of goal setting, Academy of Management Executive, Volvo. 18, no. 4, up. 126-129. The article a researched based on motivation, self- regulation and task management. This research is based on a hypothesis that people who assign tasks for themselves, or have their own set of goals to achieve by certain deadlines would generally outperform those who are assigned tasks by their bosses. In the end however, the researchers discovered that regardless of how the tasks were assigned to a person, the level of commitment was on par.However, people with different traits and personalities might show a great difference of performance quality when a task is assigned to them rather than giving them the freedom of setting their own tasks. Other studies relating to this research were further conducted, and one of them showed that if the difficulty of the task was unchanged, the level of performance was also constant regardless of being assigned to or self-regulated. Although I agree with the author, I disagree with some parts of the article since the level of performance will not stay constant when the difficulty rises. Due to some loss in motivation after being faced with a goal that they know they could never achieve in, some people would rather under achieve than to be disappointed in their results.Locke, EAI & Lethal, GAP 2006, ‘New Directions in Goal Setting Theory, A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, Volvo. 15, no. 5, up. 265-268 The article is about a relationship between goal-setting and task performance during a 25 year period, based on 400 laboratory and field studies. The method of research involved arranging participants into groups of different level of tasks. For example the American Pulpwood Association experimented on their uneducated, unskilled laborers to see if setting a goal would increase their productivity. Tight deadlines soon lead to a rapid increase in work pace and set goals also motivated the workers to discover the knowledge needed to obtain greater goals.The research illustrated how motivation can be measured from different levels of realistic goals when compared with the level of motivation of having loose deadlines. The data collected higher task performance, whereas easy, vague, and unrealistic goals lead to a decline in and task performance. I agree with this article as having a set goal that is realistic boosts moral and motivation to increase anyone's work performance. Kim, Hammer, Jay S, W. Clay, 1976. Journal of Applied Psychology. Effect of Performance Feedback and Goal Setting on Productivity and Satisfaction in an Organizationa l Setting, 61 , 48-57. The article illustrates how a combination of feedback and goal settings significantly increased the work performance.The research was conducted in four separate plants with service type Jobs, with the majority of the participants whom were blue-collar, and the rest of them being women. Three objective reference measures were accounted for (cost performance, absenteeism, and safety). The results clearly indicate that a combination of goal setting and feedback is far superior to goal setting alone on the cost and safety measures of performance. However, a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic feedbacks would maximize the full capacity of a person's performance level. In my opinion, this article is very accurate since it can be applied to any gender and age. Constructive feedbacks that are both intrinsic and extrinsic is crucial for students to learn where they went wrong in order to perform better in upcoming tasks. Management organisational behaviour Question: Goal-setting Is widely used In management practice, but is goal-setting all pros and no cons? Discuss both the benefits and the possible downside, or â€Å"darkled† of goal- setting. Introduction Introduce the topic and briefly describe what goal setting is in your own words. Define how we're going to apply goal-setting in the context of an organization Briefly discuss the pros and cons of goal-setting Discuss my point of view- what are the most efficient methods of goal-settings and how can they be applied to an organization or an Individual. Paragraph 1 (What is goal setting? In detail, explain what goal-setting is and define Edwin A.Locker's Goal-setting theory Discuss what factors influence goal setting (E. G Specific, realistic goals work best) Evaluate on how organizations and individuals apply goal-settings Paragraph 2 ( why do we use It? ) Motivation Help you to visualize and plan actions to achieve what you want then carry it out Paragraph 3 (Benefits/Pros) Begin the paragraph with how goal-setting is beneficial as a topic sentence Create a list of key benefits that can be applied to organizations and individuals Gives a path o you know exactly where you are going and what you need to do to get there without procrastinating.Timeliness that consists of smaller milestones, so that it makes the larger goal seem more achievable Set milestones will force you to set prolepses, hence preventing you from getting distracted Organization Goals could be achieved faster and more effectively when it is being broken down into smaller goals and collaborated in a team Obtaining smaller and more frequent milestones will give a sense of achievement that motivates the organization When an organization is working with a client smaller goals allows the client to be always aware of the organizations progress towards the final goal providing a sense of security Individuals Makes you aware of your own strengths and weaknesses Keeps you focused Makes you respo nsible for your own success or failures Improve your self-image Limits your stress Paragraph 4 ( Negatives ) Begin the paragraph with discussing the downsides of goal-setting Create a list of key downsides that can be implied to organizations and individuals Creates a fear of losing ( being criticized) High speed performance may trigger inaccuracy, and lack of details when reaching the final goal.Higher accuracy could be acquired but it happens at a much slower rate, due to focus on improving quality. Organization in goals. Method of achieving that milestone may be different for each individual when it is crucial to work diligently as a team Individual Intense amount of workload may denominate a person into procrastinating once he or she believes that their goal can never be achieved until its deadline (exhaustion) Competition may be used as a catalyst to speed up the rate of achievement, but it ay result in hindered goal accomplishment. Shortage of time may lead workers to apply un systematic methods, being unable to obtain goals ethically or effectively. Paragraph 5 (So how do we use Goal-setting to its maximum capacity? Briefly explain how goal setting is commonly used within organizations Give examples of real life goal orientated organizations and individuals Carefully design timeliness back up plans Paragraph 6 (conclusion) Reintroduce the topic question Summaries each paragraphs What is goal setting? Why do we use goal setting Benefits and downsides How do we use goal setting to its maximum capacity Diaries Plan Week 4 – Starting 18th August Research and collect any available articles about goal-setting using cholesterol, encroach, protest, then start reading Gather brief information on each articles Start writing down basic format of assignment 1 learn how to reference using Harvard or PAPA style referencing Start writing up assignment 1 Week 5 – Starting 25th August Finish with assignment 1 Assignment 1 due on 27th of August Complete full /detailed research from collected resources Week 6 – Starting 3rd SeptemberCollect information for first and second paragraph with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – What is Goal-setting? , and why do we use it Have a basic format of how the introduction and second paragraphs will be written Final write up will be conducted later on after collecting all the necessary information Week 7 – Starting 9th September Collect information for paragraph 3 and 4 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – Benefits and Downsides Have a basic format/written guide of how the third and fourth paragraphs will be written Week 8 – Starting 16th September Collect information for paragraph 5 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and protest – How do we use it to maximize its use?Have a basic format/written guide of how the fifth paragraph will be written Start assignment 2 Complete all of the body paragraphs up to the conclusion Start and complete the conclusion Start an d complete the referencing Allow peer review for independent perspectives or for checking grammatical errors Study Break – Starting 1st October Final proof reading of assignment 2 by yourself week 10 – ASSIGNMENT TWO DUE on 7th October Hand in essay via Nipping website before 4:pm Annotated bibliography Lethal, GAP 2004, ‘The motivational benefits of goal setting, Academy of Management Executive, Volvo. 18, no. 4, up. 126-129. The article a researched based on motivation, self- regulation and task management. This research is based on a hypothesis that people who assign tasks for themselves, or have their own set of goals to achieve by certain deadlines would generally outperform those who are assigned tasks by their bosses. In the end however, the researchers discovered that regardless of how the tasks were assigned to a person, the level of commitment was on par.However, people with different traits and personalities might show a great difference of performance quality when a task is assigned to them rather than giving them the freedom of setting their own tasks. Other studies relating to this research were further conducted, and one of them showed that if the difficulty of the task was unchanged, the level of performance was also constant regardless of being assigned to or self-regulated. Although I agree with the author, I disagree with some parts of the article since the level of performance will not stay constant when the difficulty rises. Due to some loss in motivation after being faced with a goal that they know they could never achieve in, some people would rather under achieve than to be disappointed in their results.Locke, EAI & Lethal, GAP 2006, ‘New Directions in Goal Setting Theory, A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, Volvo. 15, no. 5, up. 265-268 The article is about a relationship between goal-setting and task performance during a 25 year period, based on 400 laboratory and field studies. The method of research involved arranging participants into groups of different level of tasks. For example the American Pulpwood Association experimented on their uneducated, unskilled laborers to see if setting a goal would increase their productivity. Tight deadlines soon lead to a rapid increase in work pace and set goals also motivated the workers to discover the knowledge needed to obtain greater goals.The research illustrated how motivation can be measured from different levels of realistic goals when compared with the level of motivation of having loose deadlines. The data collected higher task performance, whereas easy, vague, and unrealistic goals lead to a decline in and task performance. I agree with this article as having a set goal that is realistic boosts moral and motivation to increase anyone's work performance. Kim, Hammer, Jay S, W. Clay, 1976. Journal of Applied Psychology. Effect of Performance Feedback and Goal Setting on Productivity and Satisfaction in an Organizationa l Setting, 61 , 48-57. The article illustrates how a combination of feedback and goal settings significantly increased the work performance.The research was conducted in four separate plants with service type Jobs, with the majority of the participants whom were blue-collar, and the rest of them being women. Three objective reference measures were accounted for (cost performance, absenteeism, and safety). The results clearly indicate that a combination of goal setting and feedback is far superior to goal setting alone on the cost and safety measures of performance. However, a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic feedbacks would maximize the full capacity of a person's performance level. In my opinion, this article is very accurate since it can be applied to any gender and age. Constructive feedbacks that are both intrinsic and extrinsic is crucial for students to learn where they went wrong in order to perform better in upcoming tasks.

A Project Report Essay

This project is partial fulfillment of requirement of BBA 6th semester in GLOBAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT &IT, HUBLI During the course of my studies, I got a detailed information about Shodha Toyota Motors pvt ltd. It was an opportunity to learn the practical aspects of Industries. I choose this topic concerned to company requirements. Shodha Toyota is market leader in four wheeler segment. I collected the information by a structured questionnaire that includes requirements of consumer behavior in automobile industry & the questionnaire is attached in the annexure. The aim of marketing is to meet and satisfy the needs and wants of the customers. India has long-term potential to become a significant vehicle market. It has huge population of nearly one billion people (of which 150-250 million are middle class), and a current vehicle population of 3. 5 million (equivalent to only 3. 4 cars per 1000 people). In spite of numerous market deterrents, the Indian automotive market has become the focus of attention as several major auto manufacturers have announced large capital investment plans to be carried out  in the near future. Prior to the early 90? s there were only four car companies manufacturing and selling cars in India. Foreign investment was effectively banned and foreign technology transfers were subject to government approvals. By 1993 the Indian government deli-censed the Indian car industry, which eased other foreign auto manufacture’s entry in to the market first under joint partnerships, then wholly owned subsidiaries. Currently, India is in the midst of an economic-recovery where vehicle sales rose 47 percent to 73,000units in March 2000, up from 49,410 units in March 1999. The Indian passenger car industry has grown more than ten times in the last ten years with sales increasing to more than 4lakh vehicle. The global automotive car market is growing at a rate of only 4% per annum. Fortunes of the automobile industry will continue to hinge on the large, price sensitive customer, who will take time to graduate to the higher end of the market. Unite then the small car will continue to drive demand. And that is the eventuality that most of the car-manufacturers are gearing up for. INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC: The automobile sector has today become one of the vital areas in markets. Various upcoming features have enhanced the global competition in today’s Automobile sector. Implementing new technologies, new features and considering the customers preference are the important factors for the company’s existence in the competitive market. So if the company wants to face the competition, it has to have the update knowledge of the consumer tastes and preference. Our research is undertaken to study the market potential for Toyota Etios car in Hubli City. INDIAN AUTOMOBILE HISTORY During the 1920s, cars exhibited design refinements such as balloon tires, pressed-steel wheels, and four-wheel brakes. The origin of automobile is not certain. In this section of automobile history, we will only discuss about the phases of automobile in the development and modernization process since the first car was shipped to India. We will start automotive history from this point of time. The automobile industry has changed the way people live and work. The earliest of modern cars was manufactured in the year 1895. Shortly the first appearance of the car followed in India. As the century turned, three cars were imported in Mumbai (India). Within decade there were total of  1025 cars in the city. The dawn of automobile actually goes back to 4000 years when the first wheel was used for transportation in India. In the beginning of 15th century Portuguese arrived in China and the interaction of the two cultures led to a variety of new technologies, including the creation of a wheel that turned under its own power. By 1600ssmall steam-powered engine models was developed, but it took another century before afull-sized engine-powered vehicle was created. The actual horseless carriage was introduced in the year 1893 by brothers Charles and Frank Duryea. It was the first internal-combustion motor car of America, and it was followed by Henry Ford’s first experimental car that same year. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA The Automotive industry in India Is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India’s passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the seventh largest in the world with an annual production of more than 3. 7million units in 2010. According to recent reports, India is set to overtake Brazil to become the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world, growing 16-18 per cent sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12. In 2009, India emerged as Asia’s fourth largest exporter of  passenger car’s behind. Japan south  Korea and Thailand  As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles and more than 3. 7million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33. 9%),making the country the second fastest growing automobile market in the world. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual car sales areprojected to increase up to 5 million vehicles by 2015 and more than 9 million by 2020. By 2050, the country is expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611million vehicles on the nation’s roads Title of the project â€Å"A study on Market potential for Toyota Etios car in Hubli-dharwad city†Ã‚   Main objectives * To ascertain the awareness level about Toyota â€Å" Etios† * To know different factors which influences to buy Toyota â€Å"Etios†. Sub- objectives To study the importance of Brand name while purchasing a car. * Customer Satisfaction level with existing product (car). Sample Size selected 50 Sample area The people of the Hubli-Dharwad city. Limitation of the study * ? I faced difficulty in collecting data because of busy schedule of the respondents. * Because of the busy schedule respondents may not have answered properly which may not hold true i n case they would have been given lot of time to answer. * It was difficult to get information from the organization guide due to their busy schedule. Sample: Group of research subjects whose  characteristics  approximate those of the  population it is selected from. For this project both primary and secondary data are required, hence both types of data have been collected. The study method involves the following: * Framing the objectives of the study * Based on the objectives determine the means of data collection. * Framing of Questionnaire. * Analyzing the data. * From the analyzed data interpret the results. * From the results determine the satisfaction level. * Finally suggestion, conclusions and recommendations based on the interpreted results. Survey: It is a systematic gathering of information from the respondents for the purpose of understanding and or predicting some aspects of behavior of population of interest. It provides data on attitude, feeling beliefs, past and intended behavior, knowledge, ownership, personal characteristics and other descriptive items. Questionnaire: We use questionnaire as a research tool consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents and statistical analysis of the responses were made later. It is comprised of closed-ended questions. In closed-ended questions respondent pick an answer from given options. Sampling Population: The people of the Hubli-Dharwad city. Sampling unit: Business people, Professionals, Employees of Hubli-Dharwad city. Sampling Frame: The people who own the four wheeler cars. Sampling Method: Samples are going to be select on Non probability convenient sampling method. Data collection a)primary data: It refers to the systematic collection of information directly from respondents. This data is collected for the descriptive research. The primary data collected during the study includes the data collected through questionnaire and face-to-face interview with customer to know about the consumer behavior and their interest level. b) Secondary data: The first step in data collection approach is to look for secondary data. Usually it is the data developed for some purpose other than for helping to solve the problem at hand. Secondary data are collected through various magazines, internal experts, and website. Important findings: As Toyota is a leading automobile maker and has a good response from the Indian markets most of the respondents are aware of Toyota automobiles. Its seen that 100% of the respondents are aware of Toyota Etios. * 52% of respondents are giving main preference to Brand name while making buying decision. * 31% of respondents said Mileage is Most important while buying a car. * Out of 50 respondents customers are giving main preference to 26% Petrol engine and74% Diesel engine. * 13% of respondents give most important to price factor. * 10% of customers say Safety is most important. * 78% of customers are satisfied with their car, & 22% of customers are not satisfied. Suggestions: Price, Mileage, performance, safety & brand name are the main attributes which are going to grab the market share for Etios and hence this should be highlighted in advertisement & make them to know. * Also the Dealer should place attractive hoardings of the Toyota brands at Strategic locations in Hubli city. * Services after sales should be improved to overcome the service barriers. * Personal contact should be done to the potential customer so as to convenience the customers as there is lot of varieties of mid size cars in the market. Limitations: * I faced difficulty in collecting data because of busy schedule of the respondents. It was difficult to get information from the organization guide due to their busy schedule. Conclusion: It is a great privilege to me to study in the esteemed organization that has helped me to procure immense knowledge about the working of the organization. I would conclude that Shodha Toyota is one of the Best Organizations dealing in selling of the vehicle produced by the  world’s largest car manufacturing company. Based on the data analysis, I conclude that when consumer purchases a car: Price, Mileage, Safety and brand name of car influence him to buy a car, and also customers choose the well quality cars. The study helped me to gain valuable insights in Opportunity Analysis and Consumer Behavior, towards potential for Toyota Etios. This project titled has been acknowledge gaining experience for me. By interacting with the respondents and making visits to the customers, I have been able to understand that understanding customers is an art and it takes a very strong brand image for a company to retain itself in the market. Automotive industry in India The automotive industry in India is one of the larger markets in the world and had previously been one of the fastest growing globally, but is now seeing flat or negative growth rates. India’s passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the sixth largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3. 9 million units in 2011. According to recent reports, India overtook Brazil and became the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world (beating such old and new auto makers as Belgium, United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Mexico, Russia, Spain, France, Brazil), grew 16 to 18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12. In 2009, India emerged as Asia’s fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. In 2010, India beat Thailand to become Asia’s third largest exporter of passenger cars. As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than 3. 7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33. 9%), making the country the second (after China) fastest growing automobile market in the world in that year. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales are projected to increase to 4 million by 2015, no longer 5 million as previously projected. The majority of India’s car manufacturing industry is based around three clusters in the south, west and north. The southern cluster consisting of Chennai is the biggest with 35% of the revenue share. The western hub near Mumbai and Pune contributes to 33% of the market and the northern cluster around the National Capital Region contributes 32%. Chennai, with the India operations of Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan, BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo, and PSA Peugeot Citroen is about to begin their operations by 2014. Chennai accounts for 60% of the country’s automotive exports. Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana form the northern cluster where the country’s largest car manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki, is based. The Chakan corridor near Pune, Maharashtra is the western cluster with companies like General Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land Rover, Jaguar Cars, Fiat and Force Motors having assembly plants in the area. Nashik has a major base of Mahindra & Mahindra with a UV assembly unit and an Engine assembly unit. Aurangabad with Audi, Skoda and Volkswagen also forms part of the western cluster. Another emerging cluster is in the state of Gujarat with manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol and further planned for Tata Nano at their plant in Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki and Peugeot-Citroen plants are also set to come up in Gujarat. Kolkata with Hindustan Motors, Noida with Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are some of the other automotive manufacturing regions around the country. Introduction The Indian automotive industry has emerged as a ‘sunrise sector’ in the Indian economy. India is emerging as one of the world’s fastest growing passenger car markets and second largest two wheeler manufacturer. It is also home for the largest motor cycle manufacturer and fifth largest commercial vehicle manufacturer. India is the largest base to export compact cars to Europe. Moreover, hybrid and electronic vehicles are new developments on the automobile canvas and India is one of the key markets for them. Global and Indian manufacturers are focussing their efforts to develop innovative products, technologies and supply chains. Key Statistics The amount of cumulative foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow into the automobile industry during April 2000 to July 2012 was worth US$ 6,992 million, amounting to 4 per cent of the total FDI inflows (in terms of US$), as per data provided by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Ministry of Commerce. The Indian small and light commercial vehicle segment is expected to grow at 18. 5 per cent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the next five years, according to a report titled ‘Strategic Assesment of Small and Light Commercial Vehicles Market in India’ by Frost ;amp; Sullivan. According to the recent data released by the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM): * The cumulative production for April-June 2012 registered a growth of 7. 65 per cent over April-June 2011, manufacturing 1,700,675 vehicles in June 2012 * Passenger vehicles segment grew at 9. 1 per cent during April-June 2012, while overall commercial vehicle segment registered an expansion of 6. 06 per cent year-on-year (y-o-y) * Two-wheelers sales registered a growth of 10. 51 per cent during April-June 2012 wherein mopeds, motorcycles and scooters grew by 6. 60 per cent, 6. 79 per cent and 29. 14 per cent, respectively Major Developments and Investments * Mercedes-Benz India plans to increase i ts investment to Rs 850 crore (US$ 158. 88 million) by 2014. The German car maker through its dealer partners has already invested over Rs 480 crore (US$ 89. 72 million) in India. The company has also announced the starting of its new, start-of-the-art paint shop that is capable of water-based painting * The Volkswagen Group aims to increase output by 10-15 per cent on a â‚ ¬100 million (US$ 126. 35 million) investment at its production facilities in Aurangabad and Chakan in Maharashtra * Nissan plans to introduce ten new passenger vehicles by the end of March 2016. Nissan India aims to double its vehicle sales in 2012-13 from 33,000 vehicles in 2011-12 * VE Commercial Vehicles (VECV), the joint venture (JV) between Volvo and Eicher, is readying a whole new range of trucks with new platforms, engines and cabins. VECV has already invested Rs 700 crore (US$ 130. 84 million) in the business * Toyota Kirloskar plans to increase capacity at its two plants in Bidadi, Karnataka, from 310,000 units to 400,000 units a year. Capacity at the first plant would rise from 90,000 units to 100,000 units, at a cost of Rs 70 crore (US$ 13. 08 million) and the second plant’s capacity is being increased from 120,000 units to 210,000 units, with an investment of Rs 830 crore (US$ 155. 14 million) * Blackstone Capital Partners (Singapore) has signed an agreement to acquire 12. per cent stake of International Tractors Ltd (ITL) in a structured transaction worth US$ 100 million * Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles has inaugurated a new manufacturing facility in Bommasandra on the outskirts of Bangalore, Karnataka. The new manufacturing facility has an installed capacity to produce 30,000 vehicles annually * Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd has started a technical centre in Troy, Michigan, to leverage on the design a nd consulting service resources available in the region. The firm intends to use the centre to support company’s automotive and tractor engineering requirements in India * DC Design’s Avanti would be the first sports car to be designed and manufactured in India. The car’s prototype has been showcased at the 11th Auto Expo and has been priced at Rs 2. 5 million (US$ 46,728) * Yamaha Motor, Japan plans to use India as a key global hub for motorcycles and scooters. Yamaha will also use India as one of its four regional procurement bases to source parts for its global two-wheeler operations. The company also plans to expand its sales network across India in order to take its product closer to its customer base particularly in the tier II and tier III cities * Bajaj Auto Ltd has entered into an agreement with Kawasaki Heavy Industries, under which Bajaj motorcycles will be assembled and sold in Indonesia through Kawasaki’s distribution network as co-branded products * Hero Moto Corp Ltd has invested US$ 20 million in the US-based Erik Buell Racing (EBR). The investment will help EBR expand its Milwaukee production capacity and hire more people in its research and development (R&D) team INDUSTRY PROFILE Introduction to Toyota motors. Co: The Toyota motor Co. ltd was first established in 1937 as a spin-off from Toyota Automatic Looms works, one of the world’s leading manufacturer of weaving machinery. Japan’s â€Å"king of inventors† Saki chi Toyota headed by the Toyota Automatic looms works. The patent rights of one of the machine has been sold to Platt brothers (UK) and provided the seed money for the development and test building of Toyota’s first automobiles. August 1997 marked the 60th anniversary of TMC. The fledging company founded by Kiichiro Toyota, Saki chi’s son, has since blossomed into the leader that it is today. In 1950 the company experienced its one and only strike. Labor and management emerged from this stoppage firmly committed to the principles of mutual trust and dependence, and that corporate philosophy still guides our growth today. Production system were improved in the late 1950’s, culminating in the establishment of the â€Å"Toyota Production System†. It came to be known as TPS in 1970 but was established much earlier by Tahiti Ohno. Based on the principles of Judoka, Just- in- time and Kaizen, the system is the major factor in the reduction of the inventories and defects in the plants of Toyota and its suppliers, and it underpins all our operations across the world. Toyota launched its first small car (SA model) in 1947. Production of vehicles outside Japan in 1959 at a small plant in Brazil, and continued with a growing network of overseas plants. Toyota believes in localizing its operations to provide customers with the products they need them; this philosophy builds mutually beneficial in long-term relationships with local supplies and helps the company to fulfill its commitments to local labors. Over and above manufacturing, Toyota also has a Global network of design and â€Å"Research and development facilities embracing the three major car markets of Japan, North America and Europe. In every community in which the company operates, Toyota strives to be a responsible corporate citizen; close relation with the people and organizations in the local community are essential contributors to mutual prosperity. Across the world, Toyota participates enthusiastically in community activities ranging from the sponsorship of educational and cultural programmers to international exchange and research. Today, Toyota is the world’s third largest Japanese automotive manufacturer, producing more than 5. 5 million vehicles per year, equivalent to one every six seconds MISSION Mission is to design, manufacture and market, automobiles that offer global standards and quality that exceeds customer’s expectations and provides superior value and excellent after sales services. VISSION * Contribute to the Indian industry and economy through technology transfer, human resource development and vehicles that meet global standards at a competitive price. * Contribute to the well-being and stability of team member. * Contribute to the overall growth of its business associates and in the automobile industry. Toyota Motors General Information * World’s 2nd largest Automobile maker. Turnover: 16,578,033 Million Yen in 2003. * Profit after tax: 11, 62,098 Million Yen in 2003. * Profits of Toyota in 2003 are more than profits of GM, Ford and Chrysler put together. * No. of cars sold: 7. 54 Million in 2003. * 12 factories and 11 manufacturing subsidiaries in Japan. * 46 manufacturing bases in 26 countries and 168 marketing companies across 140 countries. * 8 Research and development facilities all over the world. * Total employees: 2,64,100. * Some of the most popular models include Camry, Corolla, Land cruiser Range, Crown, Avensis, * Celica, Hilux, Estima, Vios & Yaris. Made the first mass produced low emission Hybrid car in the world (Prius). * Pioneered the concept of Lean Manufacturing through â€Å"Just in time Concept† and also through the * â€Å"Kan Ban† method of Inventory Management. Strength of the Organization: The organization has strength of minimum 108 employees, which varies according to the requirement. Working hours of employment: In Shodha Toyota, the employees work for eight hours per day. Service9:00amTo6:00pm Sales9:30amTo6:30pm Admin & Finance10:00amTo7:00pm On Sundays- 10. 00 am to 2. 00pm (OT will be given) Toyota Kirloskar Motors Ltd Year of Establishment | October 6, 1997| Country| Japan| Joint Venture| Toyota Motor Corporation| Shareholders| Toyota Motor Corporation (89% equity)Kirloskar Group (11% equity)| Paid-in capital| Rs. 7. Billion. | Liaison Offices| New DelhiGth floor, Meridian Commercial Tower8 Windson Place, New Delhi- 110 001 BangaloreSana Plaza, 21/14A, MG RoadBangalore – 560 001| International Office | 1, Toyota-cho, Toyota CityAichi prefecture 471-8571, Japan| Chairman| Mr. Ryoichi Sasaki. | Vice Chairman| Mr. Vikram. S. Kirloskar| Managing Director| Mr. H. Nakagawa. | Deputy MD’s| Mr. Sandeep SinghMr. S. Tomonaga. | DMD, Commercial| Mr. Shekar Vishwanthan| Website| www. toyotabharat. com| Global Website| www. toyota. co. jp| Toyota Kirloskar Motor ltf. (TKML) was incorporated in 1997, as a joint venture between Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan and the Kirloskar Group, wide. Toyota Motor Corporation is the third largest auto manufacturer in the world. The TKML is practicing Toyota Production System at their plant at Bidadi, Bangalore. The Toyota Production System was born out of need. The two pillars that this system is based on are Just-in-time and automation The Toyota Production system relies on absolute elimination of waste of essentials. Toyota is by far the largest Japanese automotive manufacturer, producing more than 4. 5 million vehicles per year, equivalent to one car manufactured every six seconds. Toyota’s plant in India is situated at Bidadi, Karnataka, which is green belt Toyota’s commitment to preserving environment is very high. Toyota all over the world provides a wide selection of innovative, reasonable priced and high quality products through an exclusive dealer’s network with the best sales and after sales service at global Toyota standards. Timely customer feedback through the service network also allows the company to respond to emerging customer needs and introduce new product tailored to the Indian market. Toyota kirloskar Motor Ltd Plot No 1, Bidadi Industrial Area, Ramnagar Taluka Bangalore (Rural) District, Karnataka-562109 The vision of Toyota Kirloskar Motor is to: 1. Delight our customers through innovative products, by utilizing advanced technologies and services. 2. Ensure growth to become a major player in the Indian auto industry and contribute to the Indian economy by involving all stakeholders. 3. Become the most admired and respected company in India by following the Toyota Way. 4. Be a core company in global Toyota operation Mission: 1. Practice ethics and transparency in all our business operations. 2. Touch the heart of our customers by providing products and services of superior quality at a competitive price. 3. Cultivate a lean and flexible business model 4. throughout the value chain by continuous improvement. 5. Lead the Toyota global operations for the emerging mass market 6. Create a challenging workplace which promotes sense of pride, ownership, mutual trust and teamwork. . Create an eco-friendly company in harmony with nature and society. Technology transfer Toyota Production Technology Growing together System transfer Guided by the principle of â€Å"growing together†, Toyota Group companies have contributed to the growth of the automotive industry in each country they operate in, through strong partnership based on high level of localization and technolog y transfer. Along with manufacturing and sales activities, Toyota Group companies provide extensive know-how related to product development, manufacturing and sales through technological transfers to their affiliated companies. In this manner, manufacturing and sales level will be steadily improved on a broad basis. Toyota products made in India have become increasingly competitive as a result of continual, comprehensive improvements made ill operations. The introduction of the world-famous Toyota production system and cutting-edge technology has advanced industrial innovation. There professionals in manufacturing and sales contribution to higher competitiveness and the growth of Indian industries in this new century Toyota’s Lexus and Toyota branded vehicles rank annually among the world’s highest-quality cars in third party survey of customer satisfaction. Environment Sound workplace & Environmental Responsibility Toyota Techno Park India A global first for Toyota, Toyota Techno Park India (TTPI), in Bbidadi near TKM, is a non-profit infrastructure company conceived around the new Toyota Kirloskar motor automobile plant. TTPI’s objective is to foster ancillary industries in India, to help promote local industries through technological transfer and expand employment opportunities. First joint ventures have already been established with Toyota Group companies in TTPI’s involving TG Kirloskar Automotive Ltd. , Stanzen Toyotas India Pvt. Ltd. , Sona Koyo Steering System ltd. , steel and Logistics Center Pvt. Ltd. , and Tran System Logistics International Pvt Ltd . Environment, Technology and Employment Toyota is committed to manufacture technically advanced and environment friendly products. The plant at Bidadi surrounded by a green belt meets high environmental standards and has also obtained ISO 14001 on 26th April 2001. Toyota has always believed that the best way to serve society is providing automobiles that will not only make people happy, but will also be environment friendly. Waste water at TKM is collected and purified to a level that can be used for fish pond and rice fields. To realize high quality vehicle production at reasonable price, Toyota seeks the best balance between human resources and advanced robot technology. Accumulated Domestic Production of 100 million Vehicles By October 1999, Toyota had reached a domestic production of more than 100 million vehicles and worldwide cumulative production about 112 million vehicles, since its founding. This world-class record is proof of our continuing efforts to satisfy customer expectations. Researches and development has made possible technological advancements in quality manufacturing safety efficiency and environmental preservation, all of which contribute to enhancing customer satisfaction. Toyota Motor Corporation Global vision Toyota Puts Forth â€Å"2010 Global Vision† TOKYA- TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION (TMC) has established the basic concept for â€Å"2010 Global Vision†- a company –wide management outlook that sets the direction for long term management. TMC President Fujiio Cho announced the details of this vision within the company today, calling on all to â€Å"take on the challenges of innovation with complete passion and dedication†. ‘2010 Global Vision† evolved from the course outlined in ‘2005 Vision†, which TMC set in 1996. Since then Toyota has positioned the early part of the 21st century as its â€Å"Second founding period† and has been engaged in efforts to realize harmonious growth. But current conditions have convinced Toyota that it is now time to: new dreams for future growth; determine the direction in which to proceed; and carry out concrete reforms. These conditions include global political, economic and social trends, as well trends towards next-generation technologies, such as environmental and information technologies, and various changes in the management environment. Centered on the basic theme â€Å"innovation into the Future†, the core objective of â€Å"2010 global vision† is to set a course for a more prosperous society based on making things and technological innovation. It proposes the corporate image for which all of Toyota should strive and the paradigm change Toyota should undergo with consideration towards what society is expected to be like in the 2010s. Since its foundation, Toyota has sought to contribute to society by â€Å"making things† and â€Å"making automobiles†. Toyota plans to break down the contents of this paradigm change for easier linkage to an internal reform movement that aspires to create a global corporation where each employee is passionate about future growth and about building a prosperous society in the new century. Four innovations for the Future (concerning what TMC envisions society to be like in the first half of 21st century and the corporate image TMC wants to project) 1. Towards a Recycling –based society As we move toward a â€Å"recycling society† on a global scale, demands are rising that we move away from the era of large-scale production and large-volume consumption and disposal towards a recycling based society that promotes conservation of resources, reusing and recycling. Toyota will Endeavour to become a leader of global regeneration through its outstanding environmental technologies. 2. Towards the age of ITS and ubiquitous Networks Information and telecommunications technologies are advancing, the use of IT in automobiles is progressing, mobile information services are improving dramatically, and transport infrastructure and infrastructure respondent preventive safety are developing. Against this backdrop, Toyota will aim to be a leader in creating vehicles and motorized society in which people can live safely, securely and comfortably. 3. Towards development of motorization on a global scale Motorization is advancing in China and other emerging markets and people around the world are enjoying the high degree of mobility afforded by automobiles. In order to promote this, Toyota will expand the appeal of automobiles throughout the world and largely increase the number of fans of Toyota, resulting Toyota being able to include in its view a global share of about 15% early on in the 2010s. 4. Towards a matured society As nationalism steadily declines and respect for all peoples expands throughout the world, global companies are shifting towards societies where people of a variety of nationalities and ethnicities can engage in lively exchanges of ideas. Toyota seeks to become a truly global enterprise that is respected by all peoples around the world. Paradigm change To become the corporation of our future vision, Toyota will boldly undertake a worldwide review of existing corporate structures, frameworks and methods and implement a paradigm change in order to address issues such as development of a wide range of cutting-edge technologies, construction of corporate structures that can be successful in global cost competition, global expansion of business, product development that responds sensitively to the immediate market, establishment of efficient local management and construction of sales structures suitable for individual markets. Technology and product development Innovation in R & D structures and development of innovative production technologies. * Toyota will accelerate technological reform on a global scale by actively engaging in development of basic technologies in such fields as the environment, safety and information and by actively pursuing advances in nano technology, materials and others. * To accomplish this, Toyota will consider systems for making optimum use of world experts and industrial, governmental and academic alliances. To strengthen the competitiveness of core technologies concerning such items as engines and platforms for ensuring efficient development, Toyota will review its approach to global tie-ups, including international sharing and distribution of functions. In addition, it will promote strategic technical alliances (including mergers and acquisitions), as needed. * Toyota will actively pursue the construction of global, IT-based development and production preparations system s, as well as the development of innovative production technology that can be implemented around the world. Innovations in product manufacturing structures For developing new technologies and new products from the viewpoint that â€Å"the customer always comes first†, not only will Toyota surpass its previous efforts to use its managerial resources to the fullest and to strengthen its processes, it will also promote the manufacture of products for the next generation based on proposals that incorporate Toyota’s ideas and dreams and excite and inspire customers Management Innovations in global management structures TMC will clarify responsibilities and authority to create optimal and independent local entities in each region. Toyota will also actively make contributions to local societies. TMC will monitor and support local entities from the perspective of overall optimization and will consider the formation of a global management functions. Innovations in-Group structures Toyota will select the concentrate on business areas and technology fields, and alliances (including mergers and acquisitions) to reform structures from the perspective of promoting development of next generation technology, reinforcing global cost competitiveness, and developing global products and business to create efficient consolidated and group structures. Teamwork featuring various types of talent Toyota will promote the creation of environments featuring people from around the world with various skills and values who are given the opportunity to experience self-realization as individuals . Ideally, these people will be able to: * Have pride in contributing the society through Toyota * Bring out the most in their specialty and creativity * Develop themselves and increase their value by working for Toyota * Work under various terms of employment and attractive incentives Profit structures Innovations to form balanced structures with effective hedging of global risks. Toyota will shift to a structure to a structure supported by three profit bases-Japan, North America and Europe. Efforts such as re-strengthening the sales structure to keep it in step with the market and enhancing competitiveness in domestic production will be carried out in Japan, Toyota’s home base, to reform the structure of management for increasing the ability to improve earnings. Also for this, management resources will be redistributed for optimization on a global scale. Management that places importance on all stakeholders in co-existence with management that emphasizes efficient use of assets Toyota will continue to reinforce management that emphasizes the efficient use of assets, as well as build strong and good relationships with all stakeholders to become a respected global corporation over the long-term by peoples and regional societies around the world. Figures mentioned in this document constitute one part of the basic concept described above based on judgements and assumptions derived from information currently available. In light of the possibility of changed as a result of the uncertainty inherent in such judgment and assumptions and changes in internal and external circumstances, actual results may differ considerable COMPANY PROFIL About Shodha Motors Shodha Toyota consists of the following Board of Directors: Group CEO : Mr. R G Kulkarni Managing Director : Mr. Prasad Deshpande Director : Mrs. Meghana Deshpande. Director : Mrs. Kalpana Nayak Shodha Toyota is engaged in Sales and Service of Toyota Vehicles. Shodha Toyota covers 12 district of Northern Karnataka. Mr. Prasad Deshpande and Mr. P. R. Nayak promote this dealership. Shodha Toyota is situated on Poona- Bangalore NH, 11Kms from Hubli. Hubli is a business center and is well connected by road, rail and air. The customer base includes Industrial houses, Businessmen, Government Departments and others. The Principal, M/ s Toyota for development of competence of their employees. They have implemented Quality Management System in accordance with ISO- 9001: 2000 and they are in the process of obtaining the desired result. Shodha Toyota, Hubli, is the latest to join the network of exclusive Toyota ‘3S’ dealership. ‘3S’, which signifies Sales, Service & Spare parts under one roof, is Toyota’s unique approach to customer care and service. The Sales, Service and Spare Parts officers in the Dealership, have been given extensive training by Toyota Shodha Toyota is one of the first of its kind in Hubli, similar to other Toyota Dealerships in India, meeting Toyota International Standards. It is fully equipped with state-of-the-art tools ;amp; equipment and necessary spare parts, from the day of commencement of its operations. Mr. S. Yamazaki Managing Director, Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd. , in presence of the Honorable Minister for Large ;amp; Medium Industries, Govt. of Karnataka, Mr. R. V. Deshpande, the Deputy Managing Director of TKML, Mr. K. K. Swamy, and Director of Marketing – TKML, Mr. S. Aoki, inaugurated the facility on 29th April 2001. Quails, launched as a premium MPV a year ago, conforms to the global Toyota Standard. Toyota Quails is poised in a category all to itself, having set new benchmarks for Quality, Reliability and Perfom1ance. It is powered with most efficient 2. L diesel engine and comes in different variants, and conforms to Euro n standards by wide margins. Toyota Quails’ launched in January 2000, has 35% market share in the MPV segment, selling 21,785 Quail (domestic sales) in its first year of operation itself, exceeding its yearly target of 20,000 units. 2001 saw a demand for Qualis on the rise, with record sales of 3,010 units in March alone. THE MAP OF THE ORGAN ISATION: Showroom Service reception Service parts warehouseEvents Toyota has a unique kind of infrastructure for all of its authorized dealers. As you enter from first door of the organization, you will find a receptionist on the right side. As you move few steps straight, you will get in touch with the sales department wherein you can meet Sales manager (separate Cabin), showroom sales officers, and assistant Sales manager. Crossing sales department, you will find other sales cabin where in all sales work is done. Front to that cabin, you find upstairs and two separate wash rooms meant for gents and ladies. If you let your move to the upstairs, you find another toilet room to the left side. Continue to walk, first you will come across General Manager Cabin, then Finance Manager Cabin, next to it you find a meeting room and a room in which you can meet accounts officer, EDP officer and Human resource officer. Attached to that cabin, you can get a storeroom wherein you find various files, things kept. You will also find a Xerox machine in store room. The meeting room is not only meant for meetings but also conduct interviews whenever a candidate is called for the respective post. O. K. , come back with the same route to near receptionist. Now move to the left side from room entrance, you find service department. There you can find service manager cabin, service advisors, warranty clerk, accessories In-charge. A well-organized customer lounge can be found near to the service counter. If you move inside the service counter, you will find parts and accessories warehouse along with its In-charge and his assistants, a job controller cabin. The job controller cabin is such that he can observe all the service activities from his place. If you again come to the service counter, you find a way to work shop and canteen. In workshop, you find chief technicians, Technicians and electricians. On the upstairs of workshops, you come across a toilet room, resting room for technicians, a training room and lastly canteen room. The left side of exit door of workshop you find an open area of vehicles standing. Move your path to it; you find a room meant for denting and painting of vehicles. You will also find a building construction near to it, which is nothing but a new canteen that is under process. Organation study Functions of Managing Director Managing Director in co- ordination with General Manager has defined following quality function for Shodha Toyota. * To understand and define customer vehicle requirements clearly and executing the order as per the sales process so as to achieve 100% customer satisfaction. * To procure spare spare parts and materials from approved suppliers and keep optimum stock levels so that customer requirements are fulfilled. * To understand and define customer service needs clearly and executing them as per service process so as to achieve 100% customer satisfaction. To allocate work to competent personnel and improve their competence through effective training. * To improve process continuously at every opportunity. * To maintain pressure free environment, hygienic facilities and clean, atmosphere with an aim serve people and society. * To meet the requirements all interested parties, viz suppliers, directors, employees, Toyota Kirloskar Motors Ltd, suppliers, statutory and regulatory bodies w ith an aim to enhance stake holders’ satisfaction. SALES DEPARTMENT FUNCTION : Sales Manager| Asst. Sales Manager| Team Leader| | Team Leader| Showroom sales officer | Field sales officer| Documentation officer| Marketing officer| Data entry operator| Test drive co-ordinator| Tele caller operator| It is an important part of the Shodha Toyota, Hubli it mainly comprises of sale of utility Vehicle and passenger cars namely Qualis, Corolla and Camry. The Toyota Sales Process has six modules, which follow the steps in Toyota sales Process. These modules include: 1. Preliminary Activities 2. Approach and Qualifying 3. Presentation and Demonstration 4. Negotiation and Closing 5. Delivery 6. Follow Up . Preliminary Activities: Preliminary Activities include collection of all databases of the customers and generation of the yearly sales target activity takes place. The general Manager and the Sales Manager plan this activity. Sales target are set for that particular year. Further it also includes monthly sales planning which depends on the ability of the sales officer and the potential area of the monthly sales targets will be alloc ated to each sales officers. 2. Approach and Qualifying: Sales territory of Shodha Toyota is distributed within 12 districts. Each district has one Assistant sales Manager who collects the information of the customers and informs the sales Manager. Here then the sales Manager sends direct mail advertising about the vehicle of the customer. * Sales letter * Circulars * Price list * Catalogs * Leaflets * Pamphlets * Broacher * Postal Qualifying includes whether the customer is a potential buyer. People may be targeted according to their standard of living, designation and their ability to pay. 3. Presentation and demonstration: Once the customer approach the showroom the presentation and demonstration activity is carried out. This activity includes display of the vehicle and features such as safety and security, style and design, interiors, information regarding the engine are brought into light. 4. Negotiation and closing: Once the customer decides to buy the vehicle the sales manager negotiates with him and further documentation takes place. Once the customer is satisfied the deal is closed. He will be given some other special benefits like financial options, free one-year insurance and other such schemes. 5. Delivery: After the execution of the above – mentioned activities Delivery of the vehicles takes place. . Follow Up: Responsibilities of the showroom extent not only after the sales of the vehicle but there is an extend courtesy which includes a phone call from the sales Department on the 3rd day, followed by a â€Å"thank you† Letter along with a phone call by the sales Manager and a photograph taken on the date of the delivery of the owner. RESPONSIBILITIES OF SALES MANAGER 1. To Pl an set target and sales of vehicles. 2. Monitoring daily targets of all sales officers. 3. Conducting sales meeting regularly 4. Monitoring daily customer / weekly reports enquires. 5. Ensuring effective territory coverage by sales officers. 6. Achievements of sales target. 7. Identifying the inventory and provide inventory to sales officers. 8. Interaction for event / promotional activities with TKM 9. Coordinating Customer Relationship Management 10. Motivating sales officers, their performance review and periodic appraisal. 11. Co-ordinating training program. 12. To ensure show room housekeeping, perfect condition of display vehicles and test –drive vehicles. 13. To attend management review meeting and indicating corrective and preventive actions. ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT: Administration Officer Maintenance Officer Gardner Cleaner Office boy H. R DEPARTMENT H. R DEPARTMENT H. R Manager H. R Officer RESPONSIBILITIES OF H. R DEPARTMENT 1. To identify competence and skill levels required for personnel for carrying out the activities in QMS. 2. To recruit the personnel based on minimum education, experience and skills required to perform the activities, in consistency with top management. 3. To identify the training needs for personnel to satisfy the competence requirement. 4. To identify training needs and conduct/organize training. 5. To perform evaluation of training imparted iand they’re by to judge improvement in competence and skill of employee. 6. To maintain records of education, experience and training of all employees. SERVICE DEPARTMENT FUNCTIONS : SERVICE DEPARTMENT Head Customer Service, heads workshop or servicing departments, he is assisted by a service Manager. 3 Service Advisors, a job Controller and a Part in charge then assist the service Manager. When a vehicle is brought for servicing, then service Manager refers it to any of the advisors, who then prepares a job card, jots down the problems, what the customer’s complaints are about? He then gives advises for repairs, replacements and then further process of repairs and general check up starts that is when the responsibility is handed over to the Chief Technicians who carry on the work on the work and after all mechanical work is completed, the vehicle is sent to washing where the outer body is given the water wash and the interiors are given air blow. In the same way accident cases are dealt with and the procedures for repairs goes hand in hand with the insurance agent who inspects the vehicle and then gives orders for further repairs. On an average 15 vehicles are serviced in a day. RESPONSIBILTIES OF SERVICE MANAGER The service Manager is the leader of the dealer service workshop He is responsible to: 1. Plan, lead, Organize and control the service department. 2. Analyze and ensure customer satisfaction. 3. Direct Staff towards Customer oriented thinking. 4. Oriented Dealer organization in accordance with customer needs. 5. Co-ordinate service and warehouse operation 6. Observe dealership Guidelines and fulfill manufacture’s priority tasks. 7. Generate profit for the dealership, monitor cost effectiveness, analyze major service indicators and develop market for dealership. . Manage service shop infrastructure, environmental and safety issues. ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT Administration Departments looks about the financial aspects of the company. The accounts department at Shodha Toyota is fully computerized and Finance/ Administrator heads it. The other persons under the Finance / Administrator are human Resource Officer, Accounts Officer, Electronic Data Processing Officer, Cashier, Receptionist and Housekeeping supervisor. All the information regarding the financial aspects is maintained in the computers. Strength of the Organization: Toyota believes that an organization gets its strength from its employees. We cultivate a corporate culture that truly reflects the qualities of  Ã¢â‚¬ËœContinuous Improvement’ and ‘Respect for People’ in all our activities, collective and individual. We not only encourage employees to give their suggestions on improving our products, practices and work environment, but also reward them for their  valuable inputs. Total employees = 173 as per Aug 2011. Working hours of employment: In Shodha Toyota, the employees work for eight hours per day. Service 9:00am  To  6:00pm Sales 9:30am  To  6:30pm Admin & Finance 9:30am  To  6:30pm On Sundays 10. 00 am to 2. 00pm (OT will be given) Attendance Maintenance: The presence of an employee can be verified by the attendance register, whereineach employee has to sign it twice (morning and after launch) as a day is divided in twoparts (1sthalf day and second half day). Canteen Facility: The employees as well as customers can enjoy the food in organization it. ShodhaToyota has a canteen facility where in the employee gets subsidized food where ascustomers get the same thing at a cheaper rate. Advantages: 1. Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is the world? s largest vehicle manufacturer by production and sales. 2. Toyota Motor Corporation is the part of â€Å"Toyota Group† one of the biggest conglomerates in the globe. 3. Toyota is best known for environmentally safe, Quality, durability, reliability, and value for money and convenient. 4. In 1997, Toyota began manufacturing of the globe? s best-selling hybrid car, the Prius. 5. The principles and beliefs based on Continuous Improvement and Respect for People. 6. Toyota has very strong presence in Europe due to the accomplishment of Toyota Team Europe. 7. It presently maintains more than 16 percent of the US market. 8. For the year 2005, Toyota ranked 8 on Forbes 2000 directory of the world’s leading companies. 9. Toyota’s sales had risen 9. 2 percent mostly on demand for Camry sedans and Corolla 10. It has initiated new technologies including first bulk-produced hybrid gasoline-electric automobile which had two million sales worldwide in 2010. 11. For the first quarter of 2008, Toyota was number one in worldwide vehicles sales. Disadvantages: 1. The financial Meltdown resulted in liquidity deficit in the U. S banking system which ultimately decreased consumer wealth. 2. Industry is facing adverse impact of fluctuations in foreign currency conversion rates. 3. Increased competition, market saturation, forceful marketing campaigns and rising competitive pressures. 4. Increasing maintenance costs of vehicles, rising fuel price and changing customer preference are challenging threats. PRODUCTS OF TOYOTA TOYOTA COMPETITORS International National Toyota awards Overview of Toyota Etios Toyota Etios- An outstanding combination of compact size and avant-garde technology. Toyota Motor Corporation the 3rd largest auto manufacturer in the world has launched its highly awaited sedan, Toyota Etios on Dec 1st 2010. This is the first ever and the last (as per the company) low cost sedan from Toyota stable. Toyota Etios is available in 6 colors Comes with 5 variants namely Toyota Etios J, Toyota Etios G, Toyota Etios G safety, Toyota Etios V and Toyota Etios VX, from Rs 4. 96 lakhs to 6. 86 lakhs. Toyota Etios is targeted at masses in India. As per the company, to develop this people’s car, over 2,000 engineers were engaged to give it small size without compromising on the eye-catching interior, Power, Performance and Higher fuel economy. The exterior of the car is sporty and sharp. Front face of the Toyota Etios looks like a smiling face of human with dimples at cheek (headlamps). Toyota has promised to provide world class technology and quality with the Toyota Etios. The design concept for the car is Bold Simplicity which is referred to affordable luxury and functionality in one machine. This will compete with the Tata Indigo CS, Maruti Swift Dzire, Tata Indigo Manza, Chevrolet Aveo and the Ford Fiesta. Toyota holds a tremendous brand recognition and reputation in India. This new innovation of Toyota, Etios sedan comes equipped with 1. 5 litre petrol engine. The Toyota Etios engine will produce 90 PS of peak power at 5600 rpm. The engine generates maximum torque of 132 Nm at 3000 rpm. This simply indicates huge power hidden in this vehicle. 52 TOYOTA ETIOS Toyota Etios is available in 5 variants namely: * Toyota Etios J * Toyota Etios G * Toyota Etios G safety * Toyota Etios V Toyota Etios VX Toyota Etios Q Class – Sedan (Available now only in Petrol, Diesel will be launched in September 2011). Toyota Etios is available in 6 different colors: FEATURES OF TOYOTA ETIOS: Comfort ;amp; Convenience * Air conditioner with Heater ;amp; Clean Air Filter * Power Windows * Electric Power Steering * Central Locking * Cooled Glove Box * Front Cabin Lights * Front Power Ou tlet (12V) * Sporty Front Headrest * Pillow Type Rear Headrest * Tilt Steering * Digital Tripmeter * Speakers 4 Interior Features * Internally Adjustable ORVM * Luggage Room Lamp 7 Bottle Holders (1 Litre) * Front Door Pockets * Rear Door Pockets * Day/Night Inside Rear View Mirror * Driver – Side Sunvisor * Remote Fuel Lid Opener * Remote Tailgate Opener * Assist Grip with Coat Hook Exterior Features * Body Coloured Bumpers * Side Protection Moulding Chrome Insert * Intermittent Wiper * Tubeless Tyres * Full Wheel Caps * Chrome Garnish on Boot * Front Grille Chrome Ornament * 12 Spoke Sporty Alloy Wheels Safety Features * Immobilizer * Keyless Entry * Door Ajar Warning * ABS (Anti-Lock Braking System) * EBD (Electronic Brake Distribution) * SRS Airbags57 Advantages: Good Performance * Reliability * Value for money * Good mileage * High power and torque for high speeds and great pickup. Disadvantage: * Long waiting for delivery. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Title of the project †Å"A study on Market potential for Toyota Etios car in Hubli city† Main objectives * To ascertain the awareness level about Toyota â€Å" Etios† * To know different factors which influences to buy Toyota â€Å"Etios†. Sample Size selected 50 Sample area The people of the Hubli-Dharwad city. Limitation of the study * ? I faced difficulty in collecting data because of busy schedule of the respondents. Because of the busy schedule respondents may not have answered properly which may not hold true in case they would have been given lot of time to answer. * It was difficult to get information from the organization guide due to their busy schedule. Sample: Group of research subjects whose  characteristics  approximate those of the  population it is selected from. For this project both primary and secondary data are required, hence both types of data have been collected. The study method involves the following: * Framing the objectives of the study * Based on the o bjectives determine the means of data collection. Framing of Questionnaire. * Analyzing the data. * From the analyzed data interpret the results. * From the results determine the satisfaction level. * Finally suggestion, conclusions and recommendations based on the interpreted results. Survey: It is a systematic gathering of information from the respondents for the purpose of understanding and or predicting some aspects of behavior of population of interest. It provides data on attitude, feeling beliefs, past and intended behavior, knowledge, ownership, personal characteristics and other descriptive items. Questionnaire: We use questionnaire as a research tool consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents and statistical analysis of the responses were made later. It is comprised of closed-ended questions. In closed-ended questions respondent pick an answer from given options. Sampling Population: The people of the Hubli-Dharwad city. Sampling unit: Business people, Professionals, Employees of Hubli-Dharwad city. Sample Size: 50 Sampling Frame: The people who own the four wheeler cars. Sampling Method: Samples are going to be select on Non probability convenient sampling method. Data collection a)primary data: It refers to the systematic collection of information directly from respondents. This data is collected for the descriptive research. The primary data collected during the study includes the data collected through questionnaire and face-to-face interview with customer to know about the consumer behavior and their interest level. b) Secondary data: The first step in data collection approach is to look for secondary data. Usually it is the data developed for some purpose other than for helping to solve the problem at hand. Secondary data are collected through various magazines, internal experts, and website. TOOLS ANALYSIS: * Tables * Graphs ANALYSIS TABLE SHOWING THE OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS SLNO| Occupation| NO OF USERS| Percentage %| a| Private employee| 8| 16| b| Businessman| 29| 58| c| Government employee| 6| 12| d| Politician| 7| 14| Total| 50| 100| Interpretation: From 50 respondents surveyed, 58% of the respondents are business man, 16% of the people are private employees, 12% are Government employee and 14% are Politician by this we come to know that we have potential of selling Etios in the existing market.